A mid-wavelength continuous zoom optical system was presented for a staring Focal Plane Array(FPA) infrared detector by cooling assembly. The optical system with an optical configuration of reflect mirror fold was composed of a zoom object lens system and a secondary imaging system including seven lenses and two reflectors. On the basis of zoom principles, the systemic structure and design parameters were given by using special optical design software, then the schematic diagram and imaging quality were investigated. Finally, the performance and indexes of the system were verified. The results indicate that the system can offer a 50-500 mm continuous zoom and 100% cold shield efficiency. Moreover, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) in whole fields at Nyquist frequency is over 0.35 and the whole field distortion is below 2%. These results show that the system is characterized by high resolution, thermal sensibility, excellent images and smooth zoom locus.

To improve the fabricating quality of a SiC aspheric mirror, this paper researched the removal function in fixed abrasive technology involved in the mirror fabrication. The removal function was tested in the earlier round-pellet polishing pad, then a filling factor was introduced to evaluate the removal function obtained from the experiments and the relation between round-pellet pad structure and filling factor was established. To improve the filling factor and the characteristic of polishing pad, the pad structure was optimized according to the experimental results of the round-pellet pad .The removal function of the new polishing pad was simulated by MATLAB. A stability experiment in the full aperture was performed, and the both fixed abrasive and slurry abrasive polishing experiments were conducted under the same fabricating conditions. Finally, the Structural Similarity Index (SSI) was introduced to evaluate the similarity between simulations and experiments for the removal of large aperture mirror, and the best SSI of multi-square-pellet pad is 0.425 7. The comparison results are acceptable and positive, which shows that the optimized fixed abrasive polishing pad is highly promising for fabrication of large aperture SiC mirrors.

On the basis of the properties of two beams in heterodyne detection, the photon statistical models for the coherent light and multi-mode thermal light fields were analyzed. The second and third order statistical characters of the two kinds of optical fields were discussed, in which the second order statistics was corresponding to the Fano factor, while the third order one was to the symmetry parameter. The Fano factor and the symmetry parameter for the two kinds of light fields were measured experimentally. The results indicate that Fano factor and symmetry parameter do not change with the variance of incident photons for the coherent light field. Combined with the theoretical model and experimental data, it shows that the cross-talk probability is 0.032 1 and the gain coefficient is 1.0460 ph. However, the Fano factor of multi-mode thermal light field increases with the incident photons and gives a linear ascending trend. The factor reduces with the increase of the target velocity, which means the fluctuation of the echo photons decreases because of the averaging effect caused by increasing the number of thermal modes. Moreover, the symmetry parameter of multi-mode thermal light field is parabolic curve distribution. The research of coherent and multi-mode thermal light statistics provides a foundation for the laser heterodyne detection based on photon counting.

A pulse spectroscopic scheme based on dye dilution and an excretion test was developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional blood dye concentration measuring method in complex operation, invasive treatment and non-continuance. Firstly, Indocyanine Green(ICG) was intravenously injected and a finger clip sensor was used to extract spectral signals of fingertips for a sufferer. Then, by recording the dye dilution curve simultaneously , the algorithm to isolate ICG absorption spectrum from the disturbance of peripheral arterial blood was implemented. Finally, the ICG plasma disappearance rate K, 15 min retention rate R15and other hepatic hemodynamic parameters were deduced by analyzing the semi-logarithmic dye concentration graph. Combining a lab-VIEW software platform with an adaptive differential threshold method, proposed scheme eliminates the interference come from the hemoglobin absorption spectrum and baseline drift, improves the measuring accuracy greatly, and the average measurement error of K is less than 0.008. This method is great value to not only the assessing hepatic functional reserve at pre-operation, intra-operation, post-operation, but also providing a way to monitor some middle variables for clinical research purposes.

To improve the output powers of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), a 977 nm VCSEL array with three In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08 strained Quantum Wells(QWs) was studied. The structures of the QWs were optimized and GaAsP with a larger band gap was chosen as the barrier material, and the band offsets of In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08 were calculated. The output powers of the devices which used In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08 and In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs QWs were simulated theoretically and analyzed comparetively, respectively and the pulsed peak powers of two array devices were measured. Then, the performance of the array device was estimated by a functional method using a p-parameter determined by the turn-on voltage, threshold current, and the differential resistance. Experimental results show that the 4×4 VCSEL array with In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08 QWs and an emitting area of 0.005 cm2 can achieve a pulsed peak power of 123 W when the injecting current is 110 A, and its power density and slope efficiency are 45.42 kW/cm2 and 1.11 W/A, respectively. This output power is 13 % larger than that of the array with In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs QWs and the same emitting area. Furthermore, the values of p parameter are 15 and 13 under CW operation and pulsed operation, respectively, which indicates that the device has relatively good performance. In conclusion, the 4×4 VCSEL array with three In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs0.92P0.08 strained QWs is able to achieve higher output powers.

A measurement system based on the spectral absorption was established to measure the N2O concentration accurately.First, the relationship of the second-harmonic, the first-harmonic with N2O gas concentration was demonstrated in theory. Then, a N2O detection system for trace concentration was designed based on a Distribute Feedback Laser(DFB).By using the light modulation and lock-in amplifier technologies, weak gas concentration signals in the strong clutter background were analyzed. Finally, the detection performance, anti-jamming capability and the repeatability of test results were verified through experiments. Test results indicate that the system can offer the measuring range from 0 to 1%, detection limit of 5.0×10-5,and the relative detection error of 0.11%. Furthermore,the linear equation is Y=192.699 09X- 0.006 24, the linearity is 0.998 07,and the relative standard deviation is 0.137%.It also proves that the CO2, O2, water vapor, et al. have no effect on the experimental results. By changing the centre wavelength of the laser,the system can be used in the detection of other greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and CH4.

For the stress concentration regularly occured in the flexible supporting structures for large-aperture mirrors, a new method that composed the NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) around the flexible slots of the supporting structures was proposed,by which the tensile stress caused by pre-strain of the SMA can reduce the stress concentration greatly without decreasing the flexibility of the structure. Firstly, the stress distribution equation for the flexible supporting structure was established, and the dangerous cross-sections were analyzed. Then, the one-dimensional constitutive equation of the NiTi alloy wires was derived, and two composition schemes, cross-type layout and U-type layout, were designed accordingly.The finite element analysis was applied to the two schemes, and the results show that the U-type composition is superior to the cross-type one in both peak stress and structural flexibility.A parameterized optimization was applied to the U-type layout by taking the tension F of NiTi alloy wires as design variable and the maximum stress p and the distortion δ as optimization objectives.The results demonstrate that the optimum solution is obtained when F is 200 N,which shows that the p is reduced from 76.0 MPa to 37.9 MPa while δ from 0.031 mm to 0.028 mm slightly, and the maximum stress occurs away from the flexible slots. Random vibration tests were conducted for the U-type composition scheme, and the results verify the effectiveness of this method for the stress compensation.

The VIS-NIR spectroscopy combined with the improved Moving Window Partial Least-square (MWPLS) method was applied to a high accurate waveband selection for the rapid no-reagent determination of Hemoglobin (HGB) in human whole blood. A new modeling evaluation system was proposed to avoid the evaluation distortion. First, seventy samples were randomly selected from a total of 205 samples as the validation set,the remaining 135 samples were used as the modeling set, and the modeling set was divided into similar calibration (80 samples) and prediction (55 samples) sets for a total of 50 times.Then, modeling and optimization were performed in each division to get stable model. Finally, the optimized model was validated again using the validation set. Experimental results indicate that the VIS-short NIR region 400-1 100 nm can be used as the information waveband of HGB in human whole blood, the global optimal waveband 492-890 nm is further selected from 400-1100 nm with MWPLS method, and a model space including 77 equivalent wavebands is obtained. By taking the 492-890 nm for an example, validation effects V-SEP, V-RP, and V-RSEP are 2.58 g L-1, 0.988, and 1.97%, respectively. It concludes that HGB prediction values of the samples are highly close to the clinic measured values, which may be used in clinical diagnosis.

A method based on the Senamont method was proposed to precisely measure the birefringence of an infrared crystal. Two specimens with the Optical Pass Differences (OPD) within 1 wavelength caused by the birefringence were compared to overcome the measured OPD limit of Senamont method and to extend the method to the infrared band. According to the new method, a set of apparatus for measuring the birefringence of infrared crystal was developed. Moreover, by applying the Jones matrix, the expressions of signal intensity with various error sources were proposed to analyze precisely the influences of the error sources including the azimuth error of a polarizer, the orientation error of the quarter wave plate, the azimuth error of the specimen and the orientation error of the analyzer, then the measuring precision of this method was evaluated. The experiment results indicate that the measured OPD error for a standard quarter wave plate is 0.00376 μm, and the relative error is 0.44%, which is within the precision and satisfies the system targets.

An optical precipitation auto-measurement system based on a linear image sensor was designed to reveal the physical mechanism and essence of the precipitation. First, according to physical characteristics of precipitation particles and the demand for precipitation observation,an optical unit and a data acquisition and processing platform for the high speed linear image sensor were designed. As the mass acquisition data were inconvenient for transmission and processing under a continuous operation,the real-time binarization and encoding processing of the linear image were carried out by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). To eliminate the influence of performance excursion of parallel light source and pixel photoelectric response nonuniformity on the setting thresholds and to ensure the measurement precision and coherence,an adaptive threshold setting scheme was proposed and realized based on a MicroBlaze soft-core processor in the FPGA. The comparison experiment with tipping bucket pluviometer based on calibration in a laboratory was carried out. Experimental result indicates that the resolution of precipitation auto-measurement system can achieve 0.1 mm, and the error of cumulative precipitation amount in synchronization observation is about 15%. Obtained results can satisfy the requirements of precipitation auto-measurement for stabilization and high precision.

As the image capsule endoscopy is limited by the energy and it has short working time, this paper designs a miniature intermittent working image capsule endoscopy with low power consuming according to the speed of image capsule's peristalsis in human intestine. The Hall switch was designed as the main power supply switch instead of reed switch to further reduce the volume of the image capsule. A battery power supplies module, an analog switch circuit, and a software were developed to realize the intermittent power supplies of wireless transmitting and Light Emitting Diode(LED) circuits and the sleep mode of an image sensor. The clear images were obtained successfully, and the tests and animal experiments were performed to prove the work time and feasibility of the whole system. Obtained results show that the total size of the system is only Φ12 mm×25 mm, and the work time is more than 9 h in one second intermittent working mode when the modules are connected.

A ceramic hotplate with the structure of suspending bridge was designed to improve the thermal stability of silicon micro hotplates. The heat transfer process of the hotplate was analyzed and the characteristics of steady-state thermal response and the electrode structure of a heater were simulated by using the finite element method. Combined the conventional microelectronic technology and laser micro processing technology, the microstructures with thickness of 100 μm and bridge width of 2 mm were produced actually and the property of power assumption verses the temperature was measured. The results show that the hotplate has good stability at high temperature, and the average temperature on the ceramic hot-plate can reach 630 ℃ when a 1.5 W heating power is applied.By taking the ceramic hotplate as heating platform and nano-scale SnO2 materials with Pd doping concentration of 0.2 % and 10 %(atom number percentage) as sensitive membrane materials, respectively, the array with two sensors was designed and fabricated.Experiments show that when the sensor array works in the constant voltage heating mode, it can be used as a single sensor with good response to CO or CH4 gases. When the sensor array works at pulse voltage heating mode with alternating high or low working temperatures, it can realize quantitative detection for mixed gases of CO and CH4

The lateral support structure of a large aperture primary mirror was researched and optimized to effectively reduce the deformation of the primary mirror under the gravity. First, an idea and criterion to optimize the edge-lateral support structure was provided theoretically.Then, on the basis of the tangential shearing support principle, the optimization procedure of the support structure and its merit were explained. Based on the principle, a lightweight mirror with a diameter of 2 060 mm was taken as an example, and an equal-angle lateral support was optimized by using 16 discrete points. According to the characteristic of the lightweight mirror, the original supporting structure was improved to be the no-equal-angle lateral support to avoid the disadvantage that the gap between the support forces was large in previous structure. The results indicate that the supporting stiffness of the system has been enhanced and the mirror deformation is reduced from 1.723 nm to 1.633 nm. It concludes that the edge tangential shearing support structure which is fit to the lightweight mirror with sector hole can keep the mirror surface figure to a large extent. So this method provides a new option for the lateral support of large-aperture lightweight mirror.

In order to maintain the tunneling gap and its fluctuation between a tunneling tip and a detecting electrode at the operation points of 1 nm and 0.1 nm respectively, a Linear Quadratic Gauss (LQG) closed-loop feedback control system was designed to reduce the system noise and to expand the bandwidth of the Micro Tunneling Gyroscope (MTG). Based on the linearization of the exponential tunneling effect using the minification method, the linearized model of the sensing mode of the MTG was deduced. By taking the Coriolis acceleration and electronic tunneling 1/f noise as the process noise and output noise of the sensing mode of the MTG, respectively, the LQG controller composed of a optimal state estimator and a Linear Quadratic (LQ)regulator was designed. The simulated system and the real LQG control circuit were established for the dynamic test. The simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased by 24 dB and the deviation of the tunneling gap between the two electrodes can be maintained at the value of 10-4 nm by the proposed LQG feedback controller.Furthermore, the testing curve indicates that the peak-to-peak amplitude of the tunneling current noise is 0.4 nA and the tunneling gap can be controlled to be 1 nm under the excitation of dynamic acceleration.

A control system for embedded auto-focusing camera modules is proposed for mobile phones and other mobile devices.For the purpose of accurate auto-focusing,the system makes use of an AD5820 as the driver IC for a focusing motor, the OV5642 as an image sensor,and the 68013 microcomputer unit as the data processing and controlling driver IC for lens position adjustment.In auto focusing,the system obtains a series of clear images through controlling a voice coil motor to change lens positions at first,and a focusing evaluation curve is formed through calculating the definition evaluation for each image.Then, the image definition is evaluated by using gradient function as evaluation standard,and the lens position is found by the full search when the image definition comes to the maximum value.According to the experiment,the system can offer the focusing resolutions of 5~10 μm and response time less than 70 ms,which shows that the system has good automatic focusing performance,and can satisfy the requirements of automatic focusing system for the camera module.

To achieve the athermal mount of remote sensor reflectors, the calculation and controlling methods of the adhesive layer thickness for a reflector in athermal mount was researched. Firstly, the methods to calculate the adhesive layer thickness for athermal mount in engineering applications were introduced, the several kinds of controlling processes of layer thickness for the reflector was described and the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each method were analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis of the problem of the layer thickness control process, the hollow glass beads with different diameter sizes were used to control the layer thickness. A tensile test was performed to prove that the optical epoxy glue added hollow glass beads has improved the mechanical properties by 20% than the pure optical epoxy glue. The experiment shows that the adhesive process method by using the hollow glass beads to ensure the layer thickness can provide a good surface figure for the reflector, which meets the requirements of lens stress-free mount. The method has been used in engineering projects.

Multi-orientated bi-layered nano wire polarizers were fabricated in a polycarbonate (PC)substrate to eliminate the alignment error caused by the discrete components. The polarizers were used in a polarization navigation sensor, the angular error was tested and the angular error compensation algorithm based on neural network was analyzed. First, the bi-layered nano wire polarizers were designed using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) and the effects of grating period and metal layer thickness on the polarizer performance were analyzed in detail. Experiments show that the polarizer has TM transmittance of 71% and extinction ratio of 2 100 for the wavelength of 518 nm. The polarizer was fabricated based on nanoimprint lithography and six polarizers were mounted in the substrate with the same structure but different orientations. After that, the polarizer was applied to a polarization navigation sensor and the angular error was measured at a measurement platform. Results indicates that the original angular error is within ±1° , but it is ±0.2° when is compensated by using Back Propagation(BP) neural network compensation algorithm. The proposed polarizer could fulfill the needs of polarization navigation systems.

In order to provide the driving force for the collection and transport of the micro liquid in a microfluidic chip developed by our research group in earlier research, this paper presents a micro positive pressure generator based on the released gas by thermal decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The AIBN is fixed to a micro-heater and heated to 70 ℃ to produce a certain amount of positive pressure. Experimental measurements show that this micro positive pressure generator can obtain 182 kPa pressure with heating 8.7 mg of AIBN by a heating current of 900 mA. The designed micro positive pressure generator is a smaller size, pressure controllable and easy to produce, and obtained pressure can satisfy the requirements of transdermal interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction.

Pulse driving and controlling technology of micro-fluids was introduced. The pulse driving and controlling process of micro-fluids was analyzed in detail and it points out that the acceleration of micro channel solid wall and the viscosity force of micro-fluidic are the main factors that influence on the flow of the micro-fluids. A method of "elliptic rounding" was adopted to round driving voltage waves. As the driving directions of the micro-fluids were determined by the locations of rounding points, a series of waves with different rounding locations and rounding coefficients were obtained. The influence rules of rounded waves on the acceleration of micro channel solid wall, micro-fluidic pulse inertial force and driving effects were researched by experiments. The experimental result indicates that the flow rate of micro fluidic volume can be in the range of 0~15.4 pl/min, which is more better than that of the current micro driving technology. The research results can provide a reference for the research on the further application of pulse driving and controlling technology of micro-fluids in micro-fluidic systems.

To correct the color separation of a large format CCD camera, this paper researches the internal structure of the CCD, analyzes the reasons of three color separation of multi-linear-array CCDs and proposes a new correction method to cache three-channel data separately. Then, it establishes the first high-speed tri-CCD large format scanner domestically. On the basis of the internal process structures of the tri-CCD, this correction method caches and restructures the three-channel data in hardware separately, and restores the true color. The theoretical analysis and practical application results show that three-color separation phenomenon has been greatly reformed after treated, and three-channel color is not separation in 1 200 DPI. In 600 DPI, the scan speed of the scanner produced by our team has been up to 5.08 cm/s, and it only takes 30 s to scan a A0 size drawing. Furthermore, the splicing error of the image after scanning will be superior to ±2 pixels。

A novel scanning image stabilizing algorithm,predicting scanning motion and jumping in advance,is proposed based on sensor electronic image stabilization to process active scanning and passive scanning problems in a camera system. Firstly, it uses a gyro to detect the motion situation of the camera system and estimate the offset of image sequences. Then,it judges whether the scanning motion is in the camera system based on the estimated offsets. If the scanning motion exists, the reference frame will be converted into the predicting frame which is a image after scanning. Finally, the electronic image stabilization is used to process the motion vectors of image sequences. The algorithm is different from traditional image stabilizing algorithm. It transforms the image stabilization from scanning model to un-scanning model, so it greatly simplifies the image stabilizing process and reduces the complexity of algorithm. Furthermore,the proper step size and cache reference frame improve the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. The experimental result shows that the algorithm can output stable images, meanwhile can display the scanning motions of image sequences correctly.

To improve the imaging quality of a Fourier Telescopy(FT) and to implement the high-resolution imaging for moving targets, the data processing methods to inhibit the spectral leakage generated by the frequency shift error from an acousto-optic frequency shifter, the bias of an optical device and truncating signals were researched and how to calculate the signal frequency in real time was given. Firstly, an all phase spectrum analysis technology was used to process sampling signals of a static target and a search algorithm was taken to capture the maximum frequency value of each interferometric beam. Then, the actual frequencies of any two beams were calculated by an all phase time shift phase difference correcting spectrum method. Finally, the frequency deviation and demodulated target's Fourier information were obtained and the demodulation frequency of the non-whole point was estimated by the least square fitting. The results show that the Strehl ratio of reconstructed image by proposed method is increased by 3% as compared with that of traditional methods. Furthermore, the new method has a higher inhibiting ability for spectral leakage, better reconstructed image, and it can provide the reference for data processing of moving targets.

Since array detectors with sensitivity to single photon level were limited by sensitivity on each pixel and needed large number of measurements, an imaging system with high sensitivity was designed to realize under-sampling ultra-weak light imaging detection. This imaging system based on photon counting technique and compressed sensing theory employed a Digital Micromirror Device(DMD) to complete the random spatial light modulation, and used a single photon point detector to collect photons. The total light intensity was recorded by the form of photon counting. Then, the image of an object under ultra-weak light illumination could be reconstructed by an algorithm. The influences of the number of measurements, ultra-weak light intensity level and measurement time on the quality of imaging were investigated by experiments. Furthermore, the evaluation criterion of reconstructed image and the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the system were discussed to analyze the experimental data.The experimental results show that when the number of measurements is greater than 19.5 percent of the dimension of data, it can acquire a good reconstruction, the SNR of the system can be even decreased to 2.843 8 dB, and the average count of photons on each pixel of the DMD can be lower than 1.106 count/s.Experiments also prove that the key of imaging lies in the fact that the fluctuation of signal should be greater than the fluctuation of noise. It concludes that this imaging system meets the demand of ultra-weak light imaging detection for ultra-weak light intensity, high sensitivity and few measurements.

As the mistakes of detecting ellipse points can cause the three-dimensional data matching error, even the measuring task failure in a photogrammetric task,this paper proposes a new correcting scheme for error coded points. The scheme uses the channel code of information theory to design the code points, then divides the codes into information and verification elements based on the linear block codes, so that the generator matrix and the parity-check matrix are implemented. When errors happened, an adjoint matrix is used to correct the mistake. Finally, an encoding is performed to realize the three dimensional match. The proposed method improves the anti-noise property of code points greatly, and has good practical values and wide application prospects. Experiments show that the method is feasible completely and easy to identify. When one code point is wrong, the correctness probability is 100%.

By combining a background feature block matching and a histogram clustering method, a new approach for stabilizing videos with moving objects was proposed. The estimated global motion parameters were used to compensate the inter-frame camera motion,and a frame differencing method was adopted to segment the foreground and background blocks, then the feature blocks on the background of reference frame were matched with that on the current frame to estimate the global motion in the next run. By using a one-block-to-multiple-block matching strategy, the reference feature block was matched with the feature blocks of the current frame in the search window centered on the reference block, thus a sparse motion vector field was built. Then, the un-removed foreground vectors and erroneous vectors in this vector field were filtered out using a histogram clustering method. The proposed approach has been tested by using many real videos with moving objects and compared with other state-of-the-art video stabilization algorithms and techniques. The results indicate that the proposed approach can achieve an inter-frame transformation fidelity value by 31.05 dB, which is as high as those of state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques. Moreover, it has a higher robustness to moving objects and can remove inter-frame high frequency jitters and improve video quality.

To restrain the effect of variable measurement noise and to acquire the accurate model of a brushless DC motor, the identification method for the motor based on adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm was proposed. By computing the maximum likelihood estimation of the innovation variance and using it to modify the filter gain, the influence of variable measurement noise could be restrained and the parameters could be estimated accurately. In this way, the identification accuracy was improved. Experiments show that the adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm can follow the change of actual measurement noise accurately and get smooth estimation results. Compared with the recursive least square algorithm which is widely used in system identification at present, the root mean square value of output error is reduced by 73.5% under the variable measurement noise.The identification results can describe well the system behavior,and offer the same response with the real system.The algorithm is easy to apply to the engineering practice.

Two-dimensional (2-D) Otsu algorithm is analyzed. It is shown that when a 2-D histogram is segmented by 2-D Otsu threshold method, the within-class means is easily far from the main diagonal, so that the algorithm isn't robust enough to noises. This paper proposes a new algorithm. The new algorithm establishes a line intercept histogram directly from the 2-D information of images based on the line threshold segmentation concept. Then, it uses the Otsu criterion to find the best intercept threshold from the histogram. Furthermore, the 2-D information of images and the intercept threshold are adopted to implement the image segmentation. Compared the new algorithm with the 2-D Otsu algorithm, it demonstrates that the new algorithm can avoid both disadvantages of 2-D Otsu algorithm. Firstly,it improves the anti-noise ability. When the noise variance is more than 0.003 or stepup, it shows robustness to noises. Secondly, the processing speed of the new algorithm is faster than the fast Otsu algorithms based on 2-D histogram by two orders of magnitude, and it takes up more less memory. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm is robust anti-noise, more accurate segmentation and is suitable for applications in real time.

This paper introduces the acquisition of global land optical images from 2010 by the CCD cameras on HJ-1A/B to research the global land coverage and land usage situations. The HJ-1A/B is the first optical constellation with a ground resolution of 30 m and the revisit ability of 48 h in our country. When the optical remote sensing images are acquired by the HJ-1A/B constellation, the ground lighting conditions, cloud cover, season, terrain features and other factors must be considered, especially the more factors such as the satellite capacity, ground receiving ability, global land distribution and cloud distribution should be taken account of because the optical satellite has been used. Through one year's work, effective images with the cloud less than 20% covered more than 85% of global land are obtained. It is China's first middle-high resolution global coverage optical remote-sensing image sets and has been become the main data sources for global scale remote-sensing research. The ideals and applications to acquire the global land optical images by the HJ-1A/B constellation can provide references for planning optical constellations and designing payloads.