The coloration mechanism of Xiuyan Jade was studied with the chemical composition, valance and coordination states of transition metal ions. The result of inductively-coupled plasma atom emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) indicated that there are little other transition metal elements except for iron and manganese. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed that Fe3+ ions locate at both octahedral sites and tetrahedral sites. Optical absorption spectrum (OAS) showed the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. Moreover, depending on the results of OAS, Fe2+ ions determine the green color of Xiuyan Jade, while the coexistence of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions introduces the yellow color of Xiuyan Jade. The chromaticity coordinate was calculated according to diffuse reflectance spectrum. The result demonstrated that chromaticity coordinates can be used to quantitatively distinguish Xiuyan Jade with similar color, which can provide a scientific reference for the evaluation of the value of Xiuyan Jade.

Arc plasma, as non-uniform plasma, has complicated energy and mass transport processes in its internal, so plasma temperature measurement is of great significance. Compared with absolute spectral line intensity method and standard temperature method, Boltzmann plot measuring is more accurate and convenient. Based on the Boltzmann theory, the present paper calculates the temperature distribution of the plasma and analyzes the principle of lines selection by real time scanning the space of the TIG arc measurements.

As a kind of new electric light source, electrodeless discharge lamps (EDL) are based on high-frequency electromagnetic induction and nonpolar gas discharge. Visible light is emitted as a result of Hg 253.7 nm resonance spectrum line inspiring phosphor. The influence of indium net position on the Hg 253.7 nm resonance spectral line was studied experimentally by atomic emission spectral analysis. It was found that the relative intensity of Hg 253.7 nm resonance spectral line is strongest when the indium net is located at both ends of coupling coil, weaker at middle and weakest when far away from coupling coil. It was inferred that there is an optimum indium net position for EDL, and the corresponding lighting effect is maximal. The results were qualitatively analyzed from the standpoint of gas discharge theory, combined with the finite element simulation of Maxwell 3D, which has instructive value for pattern design and parametric optimization of EDL.

A simultaneous measurement system of temperature and strain is proposed and fabricated, which has advantages of low cost and easy structure. The system is formed by combining a long period fiber grating with a polarization-maintaining fiber Sagnac loop. The transmission spectrum of the fiber Sagnac interferometer is modulated by LPFG. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain can be realized. The experimental results show that the wavelength of the dip is varied with temperature changing and applied strain on polarization-maintaining fiber, and the intensity of the dip is changed with applied strain on LPFG. The temperature sensitivity of the system is 0.181 81 nm·℃-1, the strain sensitivity of LPFG is 0.005 283 dB·με-1, and the strain sensitivity of polarization-maintaining fiber Sagnac loop is 0.015 72 nm·με-1. The experimental system indicates that the proposal is feasible and has an application prospect.

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (TDLAS), with its advantages of high selectivity and accuracy, provides a reliable approach to the on-line detection of escaping ammonia. Firstly, the present paper introduces the TDLAS principle, experimental system and the analyses of system noise. Then with the concentration of 90×10-6 and 30×10-6 NH3 for example, we used TDLAS system to collect their second harmonic original spectrum with all kinds of noise interference. To improve the signal spectrum, five types of digital filtering methods were respectively used to filter the original spectrum. Finally we did the NH3 experiments of concentration gradient and the long time monitoring: NH3 experiment of 20×10-6. The analysis indicated that the averaging-wavelet filtering is validated to be more accurate than the other filtering methods in the noise reduction, which can improve the precision of the monitoring system from 10×10-6 to 1.25×10-6 and the SNR also increases by 14 times. It provides an effective pretreatment during the monitoring of escaping ammonia of extremely low concentration.

Pulsed TIG welding is widely used in industry due to its superior properties, and the measurement of arc temperature is important to analysis of welding process. The relationship between particle densities of Ar and temperature was calculated based on the theory of spectrum, the relationship between emission coefficient of spectra line at 794.8 nm and temperature was calculated, arc image of spectra line at 794.8 nm was captured by high speed camera, and both the Abel inversion and Fowler-Milne method were used to calculate the temperature distribution of pulsed TIG welding.

In order to measure the microscopic 3D morphology of the objects with high-precision, a 3D texture measurement system of digital gatling based on structured light was designed, which can calculate the 3D height information with the analytic phase method. First, the authors collected sixteen equal step phase images by the four-step equal step method, and calculated their main value by dividing them into four groups. Then, the authors found the average as the final phase main value. The pretreatment on the fringe was done by the adaptive Wiener filter and wavelet multi-threshold method to eliminate the various effects of noise, projector distortion and CCD camera distortion. Besides, gradient-oriented phase unwrapping algorithm based on multi-frequency was introduced to avoid phase discontinuity point in the course phase unwrapping, and it was proven to be effective and stable. Experiments showed that the system’s 3D resolution was 2.75 μm, and the high degree accuracy was better than 0.5 μm, when the system was running with the fringe parameter p0=22.7 mm-1. In addition, the system has many advantages such as fast measuring, simple operation and non-contact, which can meet the need of the high precision measurement requirements for the microscopic 3D morphology.

The multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), one of the remote sensing techniques for trace gases measurements, is sensitive to the lower atmosphere by eliminating the influence of stratosphere retrieved from zenith-sky spectroscopy. Ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements were carried out to observe NO2 at Ny-lesund, Arctic from 5th Jul to 1st Aug 2011. The differential slant column densities (DSCDs) of NO2 at four off-axis angles showed typical pattern of tropospheric absorbers. Based on the assumption that NO2 was well mixed in 0～1 km of the troposphere, the mean mixing ratio of NO2 during the measurement period was 1.023E11 molec·cm-3. The fluctuation of NO2 might be related to the fossil fuel combustions and the photochemical reactions. The vertical distribution of NO2 at 0～3 km showed that NO2 was mainly originated from boundary layer of sea surface.

On-chip light source is the main development part of the optoelectronic systems in the future. As on-chip light source, the main disadvantage of LED is its low extraction efficiency. Photonic crystal is an efficient method to increase the extraction efficiency of LED. The structure and parameters of the C-band LED was designed and the band gap of the 2D photonic crystals for different arrangement and different ratio was calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and then the best structural parameters of the 2D photonic crystals were determined using the method of band gap theory in this paper. Results show that the best structure is air holes PC with a triangular arrangement having a lattice constant of 500 nm and a ratio of 0.44.

In noninvasive biochemical detection, the differential spectrum method based on the change in blood volume can eliminate the interference of human tissue background in theory, and obtain effective spectrum information of blood. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the differential spectrum method, simulated experiment was designed. Biological molecules solutions were used for simulating serum sample, filters with different absorption characteristic were used for simulating interference of tissue background, and an adjustable path-length cell was used for simulating blood volume change. Model accuracies of pre- and post-treatment with differential spectrum method were compared. Thus treated, the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) reduced from 437 to 301 mg·dL-1. The experimental results indicate that using the differential spectrum method can effectively restrain the interference of tissue background, and greatly improve the prediction precision of calibration model.

The cluster hexagon pattern was obtained in a dielectric barrier discharge in air/argon for the first time. Three plasma parameters, i.e. the molecular vibrational temperature, the molecular rotational temperature and the average electron energy of individual cluster in cluster hexagon pattern discharge, were studied by changing the air content. The molecular vibrational temperature and the molecular rotational temperature were calculated using the second positive band system of nitrogen molecules (Ｃ ３Πｕ→Ｂ ３Πｇ) and the first negative band system of nitrogen molecular ions (Ｂ ２Σ＋ｕ→Ｘ ２Σ＋ｇ). The relative intensities of the first negative system of nitrogen molecular ions (391.4 nm) and nitrogen molecules emission spectrum line (337.1nm) were analyzed for studying the variations of the electron energy. It was found that the three plasma parameters of individual cluster in cluster hexagon pattern increase with air content increasing from 16% to 24%.

The authors synthesized a new kind of green pigment via co-precipitation method by doping Y3Al5O12 with Cr3+. The size of the pigment particles is around 200 nm as observed under scanning electron microscope. XRD results demonstrate that the pigment crystalline form of the pigment is yttrium alluminium garnet. UV-Vis spectra were used to investigate the coordination states and transition behavior of the doping ions. In addition, the colour feature was measured by CIE L*a*b* chroma value. The pigment was blended with polypropylene and then polypropylene fiber was produced using the polypropelene-pigment composite via molten spinning process. The distribution of the pigment particles in the polypropylene fibers was characterized by X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique on the Beijing synchrotron radiation facility. The result states that the composite oxide pigment particles are homogeneously dispersed in the polypropylene fibers. The pigments are stable, non-toxic to the environment. and may be applied in non-aqueous dyeing to reduce waste water emitted by textile dyeing and printing industry.

Using density functional theory (DFT), geometry optimizations and frequencies calculation of 2-pyridinemethanol were performed at B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level, the stable structure and complete vibrational modes of 2-pyridinemethanol were attained. The calculated geometric parameters are in good agreement with the reported experimental measurement of pyridine and the reported data of pertinent literature. When comparing the calculated IR data with those reported by experiments, it was found that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the vibrational modes of 2-pyridinemethanol molecule were assigned.

The influence of diamond film on potassium nitrate infrared absorption was studied. The diamond film was grown on silicon substrates by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The infrared absorption of potassium nitrate shows that the antisymmetric stretching vibrations ν1 and ν2 of nitrate are red-shifted by 30 and 13 cm-1 respectively. The red-shift of ν1 vibration is mainly attributed to the combination of diamond film with potassium nitrate and phonon resonance effects, and the red-shift of ν2 vibration mode is attributed to the influence of potassium nitrate’s internal stress.

Characteristics and differences of temperature and back-scattered light intensity in different depths of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mm for both human Hegu acupoint and non-acupoint tissue irradiated by 808 nm diode laser at the different power of 15, 25 and 35 mW were studied. The temperature and the back-scattered light intensity in different depths of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mm for human Hegu acupoint and non-acupoint tissue were measured by using the infrared thermography and optical coherence tomography. The result shows few differences in the temperature and the back-scattered light intensity of human Hegu acupoint and non-acupoint tissue before irradiation. The temperature and back-scattered light intensity of Hegu acupoint and the non-acupoint after irradiation were significantly higher, and the temperature and back-scattered light intensity of Hegu acupoint significantly were higher than the non-acupoint areas. At 0~40 min after the irradiation, the temperature and back-scattered light intensity of Hegu acupoint and the non-acupoint area will fluctuate and gradually decrease with the passage of time. From the results above, it is clearly seen that Hegu acupoint is different from non-acupoint both in the back-scattered light intensity and temperature after irradiation, and Hegu acupoint is more sensitive to laser irradiation than non-acupoint tissue.

With the development of remote sensing technology, it is important to study on the thermal infrared polarization characteristics of the land surface objects. In order to explore the thermal infrared polarization characteristics of the grassland withered plants, the samples of the grassland withered plants were measured indoor according to the thermal infrared polarized detection mechanism, using thermal infrared radiometer. The results showed that the thermal infrared polarized radiance and brightness temperature have increased with the viewing angle and have increased first and then decreased with the azimuth and polarized state. Chloris virgata’s brightness temperature decreased first and then increased at 180° azimuth, which is an exceptional case. These reflect that the thermal infrared polarization characteristics are related to the materials’ roughness, the detecting direction, the internal structure and its emission ability, and this research laid the foundation for other quantitative studies.

In the present article, near infrared spectra of 89 wood samples of different geographical provenances and species were measured, and back propagation artificial neural networks(BPANN) and generalized regression neural network(GRNN) were used for modeling of wood species NIRS identifying. Parameters for two neural networks were chosen via analysis of variance, respectively; and networks were trained with optimum parameters. Considering the difference between spectra, spectra with different levels of white noise and different levels of bias were simulated and predicted by using the models built. It was found that both the two models had satisfactory prediction results, identification correct rates obtained by BPANN model applied to spectra with bias level no higher than 2% and noise level no higher than 4% were above 97%; correct rates obtained by GRNN model applied to spectra with bias level no higher than 2% and noise level no higher than 4% were above 99%.

The (RbBi)1/2MoO4 ceramic was prepared via solid state reaction method. The room temperature far-infrared reflectivity spectra were measured and 15 vibration modes were observed. Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relationship was employed to fit infrared spectra. The optical frequency permittivity ε∞ is equal to 2.17 for the dielectric materials, and the extrapolated value to microwave frequency (at about 9 GHz) is 20.56 and it is slightly smaller than the actual measured value ~21.4. The calculated value of quality factor (Q×f) is 11 790 GHz, which is higher than the actual measured value ~6 200 GHz, and it can be deduced that the quality factor of the (RbBi)1/2MoO4 ceramic material has large room for improvement.

An FTIR spectrum fitting algorithm based on continuous wavelet transform is proposed. In calculating the factor of difference spectrum, the algorithm takes into account both the original spectrum and its continuous wavelet transformed spectra, which effectively overcomes the problem of reference peak selection and manual factor selection in most commercial software. The detailed discussions on wavelet scale, order and basis are included. The spectral fitting is performed on six wavelet basis functions and the obtained scale factor is used to quantify the content of liquor, and the corresponding mean absolute error ranges from 0.047 to 0.072, and the standard deviation ranges from 0.056 to 0.091. Experimental results show that the CWT combined with least squares fitting provides an accurate and reliable new method for FTIR spectral subtraction.

Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study healthy and diseased leaves of rice, corn, and broad bean. The results show that the infrared spectra of the leaves are mainly composed of the absorption bands of proteins and polysaccharide. The spectra are similar, but the differences were observed in the peak positions, shapes, and absorption ratios. The remarkable differences in correlation coefficients were also observed in the region of 1 800~1 000 cm-1 of the second derivate spectra. The absorption ratio A1 056/A1 652 of healthy rice leaves and rice blast leaves, A1 652/A2 920 of healthy broad bean leaves and leaves, A1 056/A2 920 of healthy corn and corn rust (non-lesion site), and A1 652/A2 920 of healthy corn and corn rust (lesion site) all show a decline from healthy to diseased leaves, showing that the contents of polysaccharide and the protein have some differences.

Using visible/near infrared spectroscopy to model soil properties is very important in current soil sensing research. It can be applied to rapidly access soil information and precision management. In the present study, paddy soil in Zhejiang Province is treated as the research samples. The nonlinear models such as random forests (RF), supported vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used respectively to build models to predict soil organic matter based on different selection of calibration and validation datasets. The results show that there is a certain impact on prediction results under the division of different sample modes. Compared to the commonly used linear model PLSR, the nonlinear model RF and SVM have comparable prediction accuracy, especially predictions by SVM using all Vis-NIR wavelengths produced the smallest RMSE values. It shows that the model constructed by SVM method has a good predictive ability. In addition, a combined method, PLSR-ANN (with the introduction of ANN into PLSR), significantly improves the predictive ability of PLSR. Even though ANNs are “black box” systems the combination of PLSR and nonliner modelling helps achieve good predictions and interpretability.

Partial least squares (PLS) has been widely used in spectral analysis and modeling, and it is computation-intensive and time-demanding when dealing with massive data. To solve this problem effectively, a novel parallel PLS using MapReduce is proposed, which consists of two procedures, the parallelization of data standardizing and the parallelization of principal component computing. Using NIR spectral modeling as an example, experiments were conducted on a Hadoop cluster, which is a collection of ordinary computers. The experimental results demonstrate that the parallel PLS algorithm proposed can handle massive spectra, can significantly cut down the modeling time, and gains a basically linear speedup, and can be easily scaled up.

Rosewood is a kind of precious wood which include many wood species. It’s difficult to most people to identify rosewood species. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) of eight rosewood species was investigated in the present paper. The results showed that (1) there was significant correlation between near infrared spectroscopy and color parameters expressed by L*, a* and b* values of rosewood, the correlation coefficients between NIR predicted and laboratory measured L*, a* and b* values were 0.988, 0.991 and 0.993, respectively; (2) The eight rosewood samples can be distinctly divided into eight categories by principal component analysis (PCA), the differences in the NIR among the eight rosewood species were more distinctly revealed by the three-dimensional PCA score plot than that of the two-dimensional. The results illustrated that it was feasible to identify rosewood species by near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics, and also provided a new method to rapidly identify or classify rosewood.

The effects of different microbial communities on the structural characteristics of humus from the black soil amended with wheat straw were studied by FTIR Spectroscopy. The results indicated that (1) The structure and amount of functional groups in the water soluble substances (WSS) was tremendously influenced by the tested microorganisms, of which the amino and aryl ether was degraded rapidly in the inoculation process, and in the meantime, the content of hydroxyl groups was significantly reduced. The bacteria was helpful to increasing the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons, while the other inoculated treatments were contrary. At the end of culture, the phenols and polysaccharides were gradually consumed, but the content of carboxyl groups had an increasing trend. (2) In the aspect of reducing hydroxyl groups of fulvic acid (FA), the role of actinomycetes was the biggest. The fungi had the biggest effect in improving the net generation of FA content. In addition, the fungi was conducive to improve the contents of carboxyl groups and carbohydrates of FA fraction. Except the mixed strains, the other treatments were all beneficial to the degradation of polysaccharide in the FA fraction, whose rate was greater than the decomposition of lipids. (3) The bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were all helpful to reducing the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons of HA fraction except the mixed strains. The content of carboxyl was effectively increased by fungi, but the effect of bacteria was contrary. The tested microorganisms could consume and utilize the polysaccharides of HA fraction, which could transform the humic-like fractions from plant residues into the real humus of soil.

The potential of predicting translocatable matter of rice with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. Using 7 varieties of rice planted in Danzhou of Hainan province as materials, the method of neutral detergent fiber added amylase with NIRS was examined to establish calibration model of predicting translocatable matter of stem and panicle of rice. The results indicated that partial least square(PLS1) is the best regression statistic method for calibration model; The differences of results of the spectral data pretreatment methods for calibration model were insignificant; Because of the high prediction accuracy, the final calibration model was chosen using “no spectral data pretreatment”+“PLS1”; Determination coefficient of external validation and root mean square errors of prediction of the calibration model of stem and panicle was 0.991 2, 0.008 1, 0.961 1 and 0.022 6, respectively.

Near infrared spectroscopy calibration models for moisture and protein contents of surimi were established by support vector machine (SVM), and predicted by independent sample set. The spectra processed by first derivative gap two (DB1G2), standard normal variation (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), then compressed by partial least squares (PLS), and the first fifteen were taken as variables. The correlation coefficient of calibration (Rc), correlation coefficient of validation (Rv), standard error of calibration (SEC) and standard error of prediction(SEP) of moisture model were 0.97, 0.95, 0.53 and 0.58, respectively. The Rc, Rv, SEC and SEP of protein model were 0.99, 0.98, 0.36 and 0.39, respectively. The two models had good recurrence. Therefore, NIR spectroscopy based on SVR can be applied to rapidly predict moisture and protein contents in surimi.

Raman spectroscopy is an analytical techniques based on Raman scattering, which gives information of molecular vibration and rotation. Raman spectroscopy has been widely employed in the investigations of the structure of biomolacules, because it has many advantages over the common chemical analysis. Raman spectroscopy is non-destructive to the samples. Moreover, it requires simple sample preparation and small sample amount. Raman spectroscopy can be used not only for fast detections of damages of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, but also for diagnosis and surgical treatments of cancer. By comparing the Raman spectra of normal tissue and cancer tissue, the differences in the characteristic absorption peaks between the two kinds of tissues can be confirmed, which provides significant information for final diagnosis of cancer and determination of the resection extent of tumor. This paper reviewed the researches on biomolecular damages by Raman spectral inspections. It described the applications of Raman spectral techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman and UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, in the detection of protein secondary structures, membrane lipids and DNA damages. A prospect of the development of Raman spectroscopy in the future was given.

Investigation of surface-enhanced Raman spectra of oxyhemoglobin for 30 liver cancers and 30 normal persons based on the silver nanofilm was reported. Principal components analysis (PCA) and independent variable T test were employed to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for distinguishing liver cancer form normal. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and the result indicates that SERS spectra of the oxyhemoglobin are obviously different between normal persons and liver cancers. PCA and independent variable T test were employed to get a three-dimensional scatter plot of PC scores for the healthy and cancer groups, and it can be learned that they are distributed in separate areas. By using the method of discriminate analysis, it was fount that the diagnostic algorithm separates the two groups with sensitivity of 96.7% and diagnostic specificity of 90%, the overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.3%. By analyzing the assignations of the SERS bands, it was found that the content of asparagine, tyrosine and phenylalanine in the hemoglobin are significantly lower than healthy people. The results from this exploratory study demonstrate that SERS detection of oxyhemoglobin for liver cancers based on the method of PCA combined with independent variable T test is expected to develop into a new type of liver cancer diagnostic tool.

In the present paper, a method was established based on laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy for rapid quantification of astaxanthin in Phaffia Rhodozyma cells. First, the Raman spectra of astaxanthin standard solution with different concentrations were determined and the standard curve for astaxanthin with the peak intensity at 1 520 cm-1 was plotted; And then the Phaffia yeast cells cultivated in different nitrogen source and carbon source medium were divided into two parts, one for the detection of Raman spectra, and the other for the determination of ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry; Finally the relationship between the two methods was analyzed. The correlation coefficient of standard curve for astaxanthin is 0.998 3. Comparing laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy method with traditional ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry in analyzing the content of astaxanthin in unit mass Phaffia rhodozyma and the yield of astaxanthin in unit volume fermentation broth of Phaffia rhodozyma, the authors found that the data obtained have good linear relationship. And the correlation coefficients are 0.917 7 and 0.905 4, respectively. Therefore, both methods have almost the same effect of measuement. But laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy method is more efficient in the quantitative analysis of astaxanthin in Phaffia Rhodozyma cells.

A highly reproducible and broad plasma absorption band nano-silver film was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly technology. The size of nano-silver particles on the surface of silver film, in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph, is in a wide distribution from 18 to 200 nm. At the same time, the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was employed to detect the nano-silver film. There is a broad plasma absorption band in the UV-Vis spectrum. To test the SERS activity of the nano-silver film, crystal violet and serum of healthy person were used as probe molecules and the high quality SERS spectra were obtained.

While under laboratory conditions, the concentration of methane dissolved in water is too low to be detected because of the low solubility of methane using Raman spectroscopy. In the present paper, a novel approach based on CCl4 extraction was introduced, and used in the measurement of methane dissolved in water using Raman spectroscopy under laboratory conditions. Saturated aqueous solution of CH4, CCl4 solution after extraction of CH4 from the saturated aqueous solution and the saturated CCl4 solution of CH4 were prepared, and the Raman spectra of three samples were obtained. The obtained results show that the CH4 dissolved in saturated aqueous solution(the concentration of CH4 is about 1.14 mmol·L-1) can’t been detected using Raman spectroscopy under laboratory conditions, but the CH4 Raman peak can be clearly seen in the spectra obtained for CCl4 solution after extraction. All the results demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve the Raman spectroscopy sensitivity of methane detection dissolved in water, and this approach has significant potential to be developed as an effective method for detection of methane dissolved in water.

Guatemala is another jade commercial origin in addition to the Myanmar. The Guatemalan jade is usually an assemblage of a variety of mineral compositions, and the mineral composition is unique and different from the Myanmar jade. The characteristics of the structures and paragenetic minerals of the purple and gray-green jade from Guatemala were studied by laser Raman spectroscopy analysis. The results show that the jadeite is a major constituent mineral in Guatemala jade, associated by a variety of coexisting minerals. The paragenetic minerals in Guatemalan jade can be divided into five categories, including the dark minerals hornblende, dolomite, omphacite, chlorite, and light-colored mineral apatite. The hornblende, dolomite, omphacite and chlorite are also the paragenetic minerals in the Myanmar jade, but the apatite is almost invisible in the Myanmar jadeite.

In the present paper, the gold colloid with parameters optimized was used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) active substrate to realize the trace detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in water for the first time. Gold colloids with different size were prepared using chemical reduction method, and the optimum size selected at 632.8 nm excitation wavelength by experiment is (32±3) nm. The influence of pH value on the enhancement of PAHs was researched, and the optimal pH value is 13. Spectral intensity increased by approximately 20-fold compared with pH 6. The SERS spectra of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene aqueous solutions were detected by the optimum gold colloid, and the minimum concentrations obtained were 20, 4 and 4nmol·L-1, respectively. There was a linear relationship between peak intensity and concentration, and the linear regression correlation coefficients were all above 0.985. For the mixture, the authors could distinguish each PAH easily for their own characteristic peaks. The experimental results show that such active substrate has a very high sensitivity as well as good application prospect.

A self-ordered ring (SOR) fluorescence microscopic imaging technique has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of sulfadiazine based on its derivatization with fluorescamine. In the presence of HAc-NaAc buffer solution (pH 3.12) and polyvinyl alcohol-124 (PVA-124), the droplet containing fluorescamine derivatized sulfadiazine can form a SOR on the solid support after solvent evaporation with the diameter of 1.86 mm and its ring belt width of 54.9 μm. The quantitative analysis of sulfadiazine is achieved with the linear range of 7.8×10-14～1.8×10-12 mol·ring-1 (3.9×10-7～9.0×10-6 mol·L-1) and detection limit of 7.8×10-15 mol·ring-1 (3.9×10-8 mol·L-1) when 0.2 μL droplet was spotted. The technique has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of sulfadiazine in the tablet, synthetic sample and residues in six different milk samples with the recoveries of 91.0%～105.8%, respectively, and RSDs less than 4.4%.

UV and fluorescence spectra were applied to analyze the characteristics of reaction of disinfectants (free chlorine, free bromine) with tryptophan, as well as the formation of disinfection byproduct-trihalomethanes (THMs). The results show that disinfecting reaction decrease both the intensity and FRI (fluorescence region integration) of tryptophan. A linear relationship was found between the two indexes. Increasing the ratio of free bromine led to a lowering of FRI, a decrease in UV280 and an increase in UV254. Bromine-substitution ratio of THMs also went up with increasing the ratio of free bromine, whereas the total THMs concentration didn’t follow such mono-increase pattern. Those phenomena are mainly due to a higher substitution but a lower oxidation capacity of free bromine, when compared with free chlorine. A linear relationship between FRI and CHBr3 concentration was found using free bromine alone, which did not exist by dosing ammonia to change the characteristic of disinfectant.

Binuclear complex ［Cu2(μ-I)2(phen)2］·CH3CN(1)(phen=1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is monoclinic, space group P21/n, and the cell parameters are: a=10.505 , b=23.628 , c=10.676 , α=90°, β=91.40° and γ=90°. the authors have studied the luminescence property of 1, Complex 1 has blue-purple luminescence in solutions of DMSO with emission bands at 369, 380 and 460sh nm; and has red luminescence in the solid state at room temperature with a broad emission band at 650～678 nm. These all can be attributed to the π*→π transition based on the ligand. In the solid state, the emission frequencies for complex 1 are red-shifted about 280 nm compared with their emission maximum peaks in solutions of DMSO. This red-shift of emission energy from solution to solid is likely to be caused by the intermolecular π—π packing interaction in the solid state which effectively decreases the energy gap. The fluorescence decay curve of complex 1 indicated that the processes of decay consists of two components, whose corresponding lifetimes are τ1=1.36 μs and τ2=5.98 μs, corresponding factors are 50.21% and 49.79% in DMSO solutions, and τ1=1.42 μs, τ2=8.85 μs, corresponding factors are 51.15% and 48.85% in the solid state.

Europium chloride, 2-thienylformyltrifluoroacetone and sodium silicate were used to synthesize new-style rare earth complex (Eu-TNS). By adding into dichloromethane solution containing Eu-TNS, the fluorescent intensities were enhanced gradually and regularly. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to detect the formula of Eu-TNS, which belongs to multi-core rare-earth complex. Polarity of solution increasing by adding absolute ethanol will cause Eu-TNS to dissociate, which enhances the fluoresceot intensities of Eu-TNS solution. This rare earth complex Eu-TNS can be employed as fluorescence sensor to detect the content of ethanol in organic solvent.

Six samples (sample J1—J6) from Jingpo Lake in Heilongjiang province were analyzed by fluorescence and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration (FIR) to determine the different characteristics of dissolved organic matters (DOM). The results with the traditional method just analyzing the excitation, emission and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that DOM molecular condensation degree was highest at sample J4 and sample J5, however, the study with the three-dimensional-excitation emission matrix spectra(3EEMs) method showed that the content of protein-like material was higher in sample J6 than others. In the second method, 3EEMs was divided into five regions, among which Region Ⅰ, Region Ⅱ, and Region Ⅳ were related to protein-like material, Region Ⅲ was related to fulvic acid-like material, Region Ⅴ was related to humic acid-like organics, and then these regions were integrated named as AⅠ, AⅡ, AⅢ, AⅣ and AⅤ. The integration results showed that the volume of AⅤ occupied the largest proportion of the DOM region integration from all samples, and it exhibited the most prominent both in sample J4 and sample J5, while it’s opposite in sample J6. Integral ratio, which means humic acid-like region(AⅢ, AⅤ) divided by protein-like region(AⅠ, AⅡ, AⅣ), showed that the value of J4(4.94) was close to J5(5.18), J1(3.52) was close to J2(3.66), and the minimum value appeared in J6(2.11). From the above analysis, the DOM humification degree could be confirmed as follows: J4, J5> J1, J2> J3> J6.

A novel cadmium complexes of {［Cd(H2biim)2(SO4)］·3H2O}n (1) (H2biim=2,2’-biimidazole) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of 3CdSO4·8H2O and 2,2’-biimidazole ligand. The complex was built up by ［Cd(H2biim)2］2+ units bridged sequentially by SO2-4 anions to form 1D zigzag chains parallel to the c-axis. The H2biim ligands were attached to the 1D chain as branches of the chain by coordinating to Cd2+ at two sides of the chain. The chains were held together by π—π interaction and O—H…O interactions, thus yielding a 3D extended supramolecular network. The responses of symmetric stretching vibration of SO2-4, N—C single bond, NC double bond and anti-symmetric stretching vibration of N—C single bond were detected in 2D IR correlation spectra under thermal perturbation. The complex exhibited strong blue emission peak at 498 nm (λex=397 nm) that can be assigned to a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) band.

The effect of heat treatment on the allergenicity and microstructure of ovomucoid was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CD spectra, ANS fluorescence probe emission spectra and UV absorption spectra. The results showed that the allergenicity of ovomucoid decreased with increasing temperatures and time. CD spectra were used to examine the changes in the secondary structure of the ovomucoid treated by different temperatures. When treated by different temperatures, the mutual transformation between a-helix, b-sheet, b-turn and the random coil was observed, and the disorderliness of the secondary structure was increased with α-helix and β-sheet decreasing, but the random coil increased correspondingly. The ANS fluorescence probe emission spectra analysis demonstrated that heat treatment induced reducing in surface hydrophobicity with the increase in heat temperatures. With the increase in heat temperatures, the amino acid residues with the UV-absorption were exposed gradually, and the UV-absorption maximum value increased. The results indicated that when treated by heating, the changes in the microstructure of ovomucoid can lead to the changes in the allergenicity of ovomucoid.

In the present article, Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+ was synthesized with N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as the net agent. The structure, morphology and luminescent properties were also characterized. It is indicated that Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+ was single-phased without other phase existing and also had good dispersion The UV-visible absorption spectra suggested that the absorption bands were almost at 480 nm. The excitation spectrum for 270 nm emission has several excitation bands; The emission spectrum of Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+ shows two broad bands at 292 and 338 nm under the 370 nm excitation. The effects of Dy3+ doping concentration on the emission spectrum intensity of Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+ were also studied, the results showed that the ratio of yellow emission to blue emission increases with increasing the Dy3+ doping concentration, but with increasing the Dy3+ doping concentration, the emission intensity firstly increased, then decreased, and the maximal emission intensity was at 0.4mol% Dy3+ concentration.

In the present paper, based on the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and stopped flow-fluorescence spectroscopy, the authors studied the protein unfolding process of hemoglobin induced by GdmHcl. The experiments result shows that there were two different procedures about GdmHcl inducing hemoglobin unfolding from the evidences of UV-Vis absorption spectrum and fluorescence phase diagrams. Namely, the hemoglobin subunit exhibits depolymerization, forming the intermediates when incubated with GdmHcl at the concentration of 1.0 mol·L-1. With the increase in the concentration, various subunit structure became loose gradually, and the protoheme collapsed eventually. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy indicates that the addition of reductant can cooperate with the depolymerization of hemoglobin subunit and the disaggregation of protoheme. The reductant results in the unfolding procedure that hemoglobin from “three-state model” turns into “two-state model”.

The objective of the present paper was to study the effect of monomethoxypolyethlene glycol (mPEG) modification on the stability of chicken IgY and compare the stability of the modification products by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CD spectrooscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. NHS-mPEG was used to modify IgY after mPEG was activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The optimal reaction condition for modification was 1∶10 molar rate of IgY to mPEG at pH 7, reaction for 1 h, and the product was obtained with modification rate of 20.56% and activity reservation of 87.62%. In addition, the thermal and pH stability of IgY and mPEG-IgY was compared by spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the α-helix, β-sheet, β-turn, and random content of IgY changed from 14.5%, 42.1%, 6.2% and 37.2% to 1.6%, 55.25%, 5.8% and 37.5%, while mPEG changed from 12.9%, 42.7%, 6.3% and 38.1% to 3.1%, 50.5%, 7.2% and 39.2%, respectively, after incubating for 120 min at 70 ℃. For the treatment with acid-base, similarly, the structure changes of mPEG-IgY were smaller than IgY. Thus, it is indicated that IgY modified by mPEG had greater stable properties.

In the present article, the BP neural network’s arithmetic model is applied to the noninvasive detection of the concentration of the red blood cell of human body. Due to the use of BP neural network in the modeling and analysis of the dynamic spectrum data and the actual measured value of the red blood cell, the authors get a better result which refers to that the output value tracks the expected result very well. The related coefficient R can reach 0.993. When predicting the output value in the way of the BP neural network model, the maximal relative error is only 4.7%, average relative error is 2.1%, so the authors can say that it has more ideal prediction ability. The experimental result shows that the BP neural network model can be accurate in dealing with the nonlinear relation between the dynamic spectrum data and human erythrocyte practical value and it can make the method of noninvasive blood analysis more useful in clinical application. So it has a high application value.

Cyclopentadienylvanadium derivatives of polyoxotungstates ［Bu4N］4［(CpV)PW11O39］ (1), ［Bu4N］4H［(CpV)SiW11O39］ (2) and ［Bu4N］4［A-β-(η5-CpV)SiW9V3O40］ (3) were synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 51V and 183W NMR spectroscopy. Experiment results indicate that (1) and (2) are polyoxometalate-incorporated organometallic complexes, and (3) is a polyoxometalate supported organometallic complex. Antitumoral activities were examined by MTT method. Experiment results indicate that the title complexes did exhibit to a certainty antitumor activity for HL-60 and B16.

Praseodymium nitrate was used as additives in preparing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films to improve its performance. AAO films were prepared by anodization method from a 15 vol.% H2SO4 solution with added praseodymium nitrate. The effects of Pr concentration and anodization voltage on the thickness and microhardness of AAO film were investigated, respectively. The oxide barrier layer of AAO film was removed with the method of combining etching of 5 vol.% H3PO4 solution with ultrasonic wave. treatment The effects of etching time and treating time with ultrasonic wave on the oxide barrier layer of AAO film were investigated respectively. The AAO films were characterized with EDAX and SEM techniques respectively. AAO film prepared in 15 vol.% H2SO4 solution with praseodymium nitrate added showed higher thickness and microhardness. The thickness of AAO films increased with the increase in anodization voltage, while the microhardness of AAO films decreased with the increase in anodization voltage in 19～23 V. When anodization voltage is 23 V, the thickness and microhardness of AAO film prepared in 15 vol.% H2SO4+0.4 Pr g·L-1 mixture solution are as high as 162 μm and 275.1 HV respectively, which are 8.0% and 22.4% higher than that of film prepared in 15 vol.% H2SO4 solution (150 μm and 224.8 HV). The oxide barrier layer of AAO film was removed by combining etching in 5 vol.% H3PO4 solution for 13 min with ultrasonic wave treatment for 10 min, forming through-hole AAO film. The flocks of surface of the etched AAO film are Al2O3.

A novel strategy by means of poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) was used to make highly mono-dispersed positively charged gold nanoparticles, and 5-ALA was immobilized onto the gold nanoparticles through electrostatic interaction. The conjugation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and gold nanopartilces were characterized by the integrated tools of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), UV-Vis absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser light scattering. The results demonstrated that 5-ALA can be attached onto positively charged gold nanoparticles. This new photosensitizer is significant for enhancing PDT efficacy clinically.

Photoplethysmography can be used to noninvasively detect oxygen saturation of human. When detecting by photoplethysmography, because of the disturbance of random noise in the process of signal acquisition, there is high-frequency noise, which affects the final prediction accuracy of oxygen saturation. Therefore empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method based on consecutive mean square error(CMSE) criterion is employed, which can remove high-frequency noise from pulse wave signal. The present paper used a self-developed photoplethysmography acquiring device to obtain the pulse wave signal, employed the above mentioned method to remove high-frequency noise, and adopted frequency spectrum of the signal to evaluate the effect. The results showed that: this method could effectively remove high-frequency noise from pulse wave signal. This would be beneficial for improving the prediction accuracy of oxygen saturation of human.

In order to investigate remove characteristics of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate, leachates were sampled during the process (i.e., adjusting tank, anaerobic zone, oxidation ditch and MBR processing). Dissolved organic matter was extracted and its content and structure were characterized by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra, UV-Vis specrtra and FTIR spectra. The results showed that an amount of 377.6 mg·L-1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed during the whole treatment process, and the total removal rate was up to 78.34%. The 25.56% of DOC in the adjusting tank was removed during the anaerobic zone, 41.58% of DOC in anaerobic effluent was removed during the oxidation ditch, while 50.19% of DOC in the oxidation ditch effluent decreased in the MBR process. The anaerobic process increased the content of unsaturated compound and polysaccharides in leachate DOM, which improved the leachate biochemical characteristics. The unsaturated compound and polysaccharides were removed effectively during being in oxidation ditch. Protein-like and humic-like fluorescence peaks were observed in the adjusting tank and anaerobic zone, while humic-like fluorescence peaks were just presented in the oxidation ditch and MBR processing. Protein-like and fulvic-like substances were biodegraded in the adjusting tank and anaerobic zone, while humic-like materials were removed in the MBR process.

In order to give consideration to the change information of summer maize planting area and spatial distribution in Huanghuaihai plain, the present paper combined statistical analysis and remotely sensed classification technology to extract summer maize based on MODIS EVI images. The results showed high accuracy (>67.35%) with the TM-derived in spatial distribution and high correlation coefficient with the agriculture statistics in planting areas at city level (R2>0.497 7). On this basis, change imagery was computed using image overlying algorithm based on binaryzated images derived from classification results in Huanghuaihai plain during 2000—2010. The change detection feature was analysed according to the plates in the region. The results show that the summer maize planting area increased significantly in huanghuaihai plain from 2000 to 2010. The planting area increased steadily in southern part during study year. In the northern part, it discreased from 2000 to 2003 and increased from 2003 to 2010. The most huge change occurred in the northern part in the period of 11 years. The planting proportion increased in the north of plain but decreased in the north. The new method can be widely used in regional dynamic detection and has a good applicability and accuracy.

In order to investigate the spatial distribution pattern and degree of heavy metal pollution in river network sediments of Wenzhou, 29 sediment samples were collected, and using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) heavy metal concentration in the samples were analyzed. The Kriging interpolation map reflected the spatial distribution of heavy metal. Comprehensive geo-accumulation index based on the Nemerow index method was established to assess the pollution degree. Pearson correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method were employed in sources analysis. Results show that heavy metal concentration varies significantly at different sites. The area with highest Cd and Zn concentrations is the centralized urban and industrial area of the main stream of this river network, while the highest concentrations of As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr were found to be in machinery industrial park. Sediments are contaminated by Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr. The order of degree of contamination is as follows: machinery industrial park>urban areas of the main stream>Sanyang Wetland>outskirt and rural area>drinking water source area. Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr have similar pollution sources which are mainly anthropogenic sources.

Suspended particle material is the main factor affecting remote sensing inversion of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) in turbidity water. According to the optical property of suspended material in water, the present paper proposed a linear baseline correction method to weaken the suspended particle contribution in the spectrum above turbidity water surface. The linear baseline was defined as the connecting line of reflectance from 450 to 750 nm, and baseline correction is that spectrum reflectance subtracts the baseline. Analysis result of field data in situ of Meiliangwan, Taihu Lake in April, 2011 and March, 2010 shows that spectrum linear baseline correction can improve the inversion precision of Chl a and produce the better model diagnoses. As the data in March, 2010, RMSE of band ratio model built by original spectrum is 4.11 mg·m-3, and that built by spectrum baseline correction is 3.58 mg·m-3. Meanwhile, residual distribution and homoscedasticity in the model built by baseline correction spectrum is improved obviously. The model RMSE of April, 2011 shows the similar result. The authors suggest that using linear baseline correction as the spectrum processing method to improve Chla inversion accuracy in turbidity water without algae bloom.

In the visible light range, the reflected light of ice contains a portion of polarized light, especially smooth ice often can make the detector obtain the reflection information that contains more polarization information. The fresh water ice and sea ice reflection information was measured, and combined with the angle information and spectral information, the difference in the polarized reflectance characteristics between them was analyzed. It was found that with the polarization degree as index, the difference in the relative reflectance between sea ice and water ice is larger, and at the same time ice shows its unique polarization characteristics. So that the polarization measurements can assist the existing remote sensing technology for better detection of the ice covering the earth’s surface.

It is a relatively new task to apply the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to fruit samples. To apply LIBS technique in the field related to analysis of trace heavy metal element in fruits samples, we have done primary experiments using Gannan navel orange samples. The authors put the samples into different concentration gradient K2Cr2O7 solution and left it for 30 hours, and then we did the LIBS experiment, discriminated characteristic spectra of chromium element and recorded the peak intensity information. Weighing three grams of sample and determined chromium concentration in the samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer using wet digestion. The calibration curve of the line intensities versus the concentrations of the Cr element was acquired by the Origin software. The authors found that the linear correlation coefficient is 0.981 66. The calibration curve can be used for the quantitative analysis of chromium element with an unknown concentration in Gannan navel orange. The LIBS detection limit of Cr in the solution was 11.64 mg·g-1 from the measured calibration curve. Experiment results showed that LIBS technique is a valid means for measuring and quantitatively analyzing the content of heavy metal elements in fruit samples.

ICP-AES technique was used to determine the content, accumulation and proportion of mineral elements in L.japonica and analyze the differences after treatment by COR and Me-JA . The results show that: (1) The content of K, Mg, Na, Zn, B and Si in L. japonica were increased by 5.82%, 2.55%, 155.17%, 5.34%, 16.11% and 142.15% respectively after treatment by COR, while the content of P, Ca, Fe and Mn was reduced by 3.99%, 19.20%, 38.89% and 35.96% (2) After treatment by Me-JA, the content of K, Na, Zn, B, and Si were increased by 4.46%, 137.93%, 6.09%, 10.09% and 89.24%, however the content of P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were decreased by 9.82%, 20.29%, 8.49%, 42.00% and 36.80% respectively. (3) When treated by COR and Me-JA, K∶P and Na∶Zn were increased, while Ca∶Mg and Fe∶Mn and B∶Si were decreased. The results of this study define the influence of COR and Me-JA on the mineral elements of L. japonica, and provide a scientific basis for the rational use of plant growth regulators as well.

The present research aimed to establish a kind of simple and rapid method to detect metal elements in Cortex Spondiacis were determined by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sample was digested with HNO3-H2O2 acids system. The operation would be simplified and the blank value would be decreased with the above acids systems. Instead of using concent rated acid, this experiment not only can leave out the process of drying or dilution and save time, and extend the life of the instrument, but also eliminates the errors of the inconsistency between digestion solutions and standard solutions. The experimental results showed that Cortex Spondiacis is rich in beneficial elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and nickel. And the content of harmful elements of the drug, such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic, is under the national rule, which have some medicinal value. Under the optimum working conditions of the instrument, the detection limits were all smaller than 0.052 1 μg·L-1, the recovery ratios by standard addition were in the range of 90.8%～113.8% and the RSD was smaller than 5.10% for all elements. Precision and accuracy of determining results are satisfactory. This results are reliable. These results are reliable. The method can meet the need for simultaneity determination of high content element and trace element in Cortex Spondiacis.

The contents of lead, cadmium and chromium were determined for 22 kinds of foods including cereals, vegetables, beverage, sea foods and dairy products by using high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS). The methods for sample preparation, digestion, and quantitative analysis were established, by which satisfying analytical precision (RSD=1.3%～4.9%) and recovery (95.1%～104.6%) were achieved. The results indicated that the contents of lead in tea leaves and chromium in shellfish were much higher than those in the other foods; the contents of cadmium in millet, leek and shellfish were relatively higher than the others. This work established reliable methods for quantitative analysis of heavy metals in foods, which provided experimental references for the constitution of food quality and safety standards. Meanwhile, the distributions of heavy metals in foods given by this work can be expected to enhance the consumers’ consciousness of food safety.

With microwave-digestion as a sample decomposition technique and HNO3 and H2O2 as digestion reagent, the contents of Pb, Cd and Cr in surface decorating materials of wood-based panels were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of Pb, Cd and Cr of FAAS is 0.12 μg·mL-1, 0.029 μg·L-1 and 0.146 μg·L-1; respectively, the cadmium detection limit of GFAAS is 0.157 μg·L-1. The precision of lead was between 0.8% and 3.0% and the recoveries ranged from 94% to 109.2%. The precision of cadmium was between 0.8% and 2.1%, and the recoveries ranged from 94.6% to 106.4%. The precision of chromium was between 1.8% and 4.9%, and the recoveries ranged from 98.8% to 107.7%. The method is accurate and reliable, and suitable and applicable to determining heavy metal of surface decorating materials of wood-based panels. The result is expected to provide scientific basis for establishing a corresponding Chinese national standard.

Heavy metal contents in railway rock-cut slope soil have directly influenced ecosystem on rock-cut slope and eco-environment safety of farmland nearby. In the study heavy metal Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Mn was determined by AAS in railway rock-cut slope and control soil samples on Cheng-Da Railway crossing purple soil in Sichuan province. The results showed that Pb and Mn were significantly higher in rock-cut soil than in control soil, that is 29.7%~35.4%, while Cd, Zn and Cu were similar in both soils.

Crystalline changes of different type starches after high hydrostatic pressure treated under 300, 450, 600 MPa were studied by X-ray diffraction. Waxy maize (A type, 100% amylopectin), hylon Ⅶ (B type, 30% amylopectin) and tapioca starch (C type, 83% amylopectin) were chosen. The results indicated that for waxy maize starch, annealing effect was observed at 300 MPa, disappearance of crystalline structure happened at 450 MPa and retrogradation at 600 MPa. The results proved that the granule under high hydrostatic pressure processing experiences “three development stages” including annealling effect, disappearance of crystalline structure and recrystalline after granule disintegration.

The present paper researches the automatic measurement of the physical parameters ofthe stellar spectra. It is an important problem of the automatic processing of mass spectral data in the large-scale survey plan. The basic steps of the program in this article are: at first, the stellar spectra are decomposed by multi-scale Harr wavelet. Secondly, wavelet coefficients are chosen as the feature vectors of the spectrum. Finally, Non-parameter estimation is employed for estimating physical parameters of the stellar spectra. Studies show that the original spectrumonly needs to be decomposed by four-level Harr wavelet. If the wavelet coefficient at the fourth level is chosen as the wavelet feature of the spectrum, the surface gravity and effective temperature is estimated better. If the wavelet coefficient at the first level is chosen as the wavelet feature of the spectrum, the metallic abundance is estimated better. The authors use the spectral data in the literature ELODIE library to test the effectiveness of the method. When the wavelet coefficient is chosen as the feature vector of the spectrum, the experiment results show that the proposed method is robust and features high accuracy for the automatic measurement of the surface gravity, the effective temperature and the metallic abundance.

Aimed at the mechanical scanning spectroscopy equipment with poor anti-interference and anti-jamming ability, which affects the accuracy of its natural gas pipeline leak detection in the wild, a new type of lateral shearing interferometer system was designed. The system uses a beam splitter to get optical path difference by a mechanical scanning part, and it cancel the introduction of external vibration interference through the linkage between the two beam splitterw. The interference intensity of interference fringes produced was calculated, and analysis of a rotating beam splitter corresponds to the angle of the optical path difference function, solving for the maximum angle of the forward rotation and reverse rotation, which is the maximum optical path range. Experiments using the gas tank deflated simulated natural gas pipeline leak process, in the interference conditions, and the test data of the type WQF530 spectrometer and the new type of lateral shearing interferometer system were comparedt. The experimental results show that the relative error of both systems is about 1% in indoor conditions without interference. However, in interference environment, the error of WQF530 type spectrometer becomes larger, more than 10%, but the error of the new type of lateral shearing interferometer system is still below 5%. The detection accuracy of the type WQF530 spectrometer decreased significantly due to the environment. Therefore, the seismic design of the system can effectively offset power deviation and half-width increases of center wavelength caused by external interference, and compared to conventional mechanical scanning interferometer devices the new system is more suitable for field detection.