The Zn0.98Nd0.02O was prepared by applying the solid phase reacting method, then Zn0.98Nd0.02O thin film was deposited on Si (111) substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. Finally the microstructure of the Zn0.98Nd0.02O particle and film was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman scattering. Volt-Ampere Properties of Zn0.98Nd0.02O film was tested at room temperature. It is found that lattice structure of the Zn0.98Nd0.02O, hexagonal wurtzite, is not disturbed by Nd-doping. Zn0.98Nd0.02O particles are nano-multi-crystal powder, and the film is nano-multi-crystal growing at (100), (101) orientation, which has rough surface morphology. The room temperature Raman spectrum analysis indicates that the Raman peaks have frequency spectrum displacement, because the local stress strengthened and the defect states become complicated. Through further analysis, the room temperature I-V curves of Zn0.98Nd0.02O thin film shows its nonlinear conductivity properties. Several reasons cause the nonlinear conductivity: the carriers in the Zn0.98Nd0.02O thin film are excited by extra electric field thermolly and enter into the conduction band; photos from the environmental light which have energy larger than the band gap of ZnO, aroused the photoconduction effect; and the tunnel between Nano-particles conducted in the film. Under the light irradiation, the consistence of shallow donor defects increases, and the Zn0.98Nd0.02O thin film surface resistivity decreases, so the conductivity increases.

Through analyzing the SPR reflected light intensity curve of first metal film, the two peak points on the curve are used to mark angle, and the cylindrical light and CCD are utilized to establish measurement system of reflected lightintensity of angle distribution without mechanical turntable. The information between light intensity and pixel position detected by CCD is calculated to get the curve of reflected light intensity of angle distribution by computer, and the thickness of film can be obtained through matching the curve data of database. The films of common metal as Cr, Ti, Al and Ag are used to online measure by utilizing this measurement system, and the coating sequence and the corresponding online measurement range of nanometer metal films can be obtained.

In a large Numerical Aperture (NA) deep Ultraviolet (DUV) optical system, Antireflection (AR) coated optical components with very wide Angle of Incidence (AOI) are used. By employing LaF3/MgF2 as the material combination, we designed three AR thin films that can be used for coating on the wide-angle DUV components with 3-, 5-, and 7-layer structures. Experimentally, we deposited thin films on fused silica substrates by using the thermal boat evaporation, and then measured their spectral properties with a DUV spectrophotometer. The experimental results indicate that the DUV AR coatings with high transmittance in a wide range of AOI were achieved. The residual reflectance of a double-side five-layer AR coated fused silica was measured to be less than 2.5% when AOI varied from 0° to 55°, meanwhile the transmittance was measured to be larger than 98% when AOI varied from 0° to 20°.

In Inertia Confinement Fusion (ICF) physical experiments, target-positioning accuracy directly affects the success rate of target hitting. Three CCDs are used to acquire images of target from different viewing angles, and then the spatial coordinate values and the rotation matrix of target are calculated by integrating the characteristic values of the three CCDs. To obtain the characteristic values, an image processing method of data fusion is presented, which combines template matching with ellipse contour fitting technology. Sub-pixel accuracy of location is obtained by adopting bicubic interpolation. It is proved by experiments that this method has the advantages of high stability, small repeatability error of less than 1 μm and high accuracy over 2 μm.

Corrosion of the aluminum alloy is one of the main reasons for the degradation of the aircraft. Early corrosion, it's most pitting and volume hardly changed. Combined with these characteristics, we used optical fiber gratings sensor, designed two monitoring structures such as the leaf type and stress bound type, and researched on the corrosion situation of aluminum alloy through the high precision grating demodulation system. Before corrosion, stress is applied in the fiber gratings and gradually released with the corrosion. Corrosion situation of the aluminum alloy can be gotten by measuring the drift of the wavelength of sensor. According to the experimental results, it is shown that the real corrosion situation of the aluminum alloy based on optical fiber gratings corrosion monitoring structure, and optical fiber gratings has characteristics such as small volume, anti-electromagnetism interference and anti-corrosive, so it’s very suitable for corrosion monitoring of the aircraft.

The color-linear CCD sensor is used in a novel portable poison gas measurement system. The electric circuit based on the color-linear-CCD is designed for data acquisition, considering the small size and low power consumption of the portable measurement system. The circuit is used to obtain the color information of the chemical agent filled in the glass tube. Hence, the type and the concentration of the poison gas can be further obtained. Three main functions of the circuit are: driving the CCD sensor, the A/D conversion and storage of the acquired data, as well as power management. The designed electric circuit has the features of high speed and small power consumption. In our experiments it is used to measure an equivalent of the glass tube full of the chemical agent. The results show that the electric circuit based on the color-linear-CCD can be used to obtain the color information efficiently. The consequent resolution is 0.06 mm in length.

The advantage of target measurement with area array image sensor for small arms is analyzed. The principle of the intersection measuring is presented. Then the mathematic model is constructed. There is not iterative calculation but only instead calculation in the model .So the model is simple. At last the focal length and image subdivision are computed and analyzed. Through experiment and synthesis analysis for the effect of the mixed focal length, image subdivision and the initial angle error, the relative error is up to 0.5% by statistic calculation. The precision can meet the 1% relative error demand of the system.

In order to estimate the detection range of underwater laser imaging system, according to the imaging mechanism, the analysis of target radiation is reported, along with the analysis of seawater attenuation and other factors, and then the Signal-to-noise Ratio(SNR) model of the underwater laser imaging system is established. According to thethreshold of SNR for recognizing the target, along with the performance of laser and other devices, formulation of detection range is obtained. Then computation and simulation of detection range is implemented. By adopting a 532nm Nd:YAG laser, self-made ICCD camera and a range-gated sync control board based on FPGA technology, the underwater laser imaging experiment is done. The experimental results, which indicate that the average error of SNR between theoretical model and real image is 1.37dB, show the rationality of the SNR model.

Detection results can be affected by foreign matters such as dust and scurf since they lead to the contour of workpieces changed in vision detection system，even mini-parts have cleaned yet. Therefore, a study of location and elimination of foreign matters algorithm is presented based on priori knowledge of target contour extracted by region growing. The algorithm, no matter their positions and shapes, especially suits for foreign matters which have an obviously gray level compared to objects. Firstly, a work-piece image with foreign matters was obtained. A segmentation algorithm based on region was employed for priori knowledge on contour. Then, in order to eliminate an outer contour of a foreign matter, the corner of this contour were located from the curvature point of view. Finally, the disconnected outer contour was intelligently repaired according to the built priori knowledge. Experimental results indicate that the measurementaccuracy does not reduce and the error of measuring result is within 6 μm. No matter if there are foreign matters on the surface of parts, this method can still obtain the right judgments. Additionally, it also can guarantee the accuracy of measurement unchanged, so as to improve the reliability of the whole vision detecting system.

A method for verifying the distance measuring accuracy of spacecraft rendezvous and docking experiments with long-range distance sensors on the ground ranging measuring is brought forward. By using electronic theodolite industrial measurement system, the ranging sensor body coordinate system visibility is exported and control-points method is described. Using the high-precision geodetic control network and ranging sensors, describing the body coordinate system of a control field for unifying the coordinate system. The high-precision total station is applied to measure the distance of sensor reflective targets. The distance data of total station acquired is computed and results with the distance data from the ranging sensor is compared to get the distance measurement accuracy from the ranging sensor.

A three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement method using partial coding structured light is proposed. This method combines the conventional phase unwrapping technique with partial coding technique, which not only effectively reduces the number of projected and captured images but also enhances the reliability of phase unwrapping. First, several adjacent stripes are integrated by partial coding technique to reduce the density of stripes, and then a conventional phase unwrapping algorithm is applied to obtain the absolute phase of the entire image with integrated stripes. Experimental results show that this method can greatly reduce the number of images which are needed for reconstruction, and it has a good accuracy and reliability.(MN201109)资助课题

In order to solve the great difficulties and problems such as low efficiency and low accuracy in measuring the groove of crankshaft in automotive engine, a new method of crankshaft groove measurement based on shadow castingtechnology was proposed. The characteristic geometric size including radius, width and depth of crankshaft groove could be measured automatically, rapidly and precisely with this method. The measuring principle and process were introduced, and the key image processing algorithms and data processing methods including region of interest extraction, subpixel-precise edge extraction, segmentation and fitting of geometric primitives, characteristic size extraction, etc. were all presented in detail. This method has been verified by the crankshaft groove measuring system developed by us, and has achieved its engineering applications.

In past few years, optical encryption attracts much attention. Aiming at investigating the influence of parameters used in optical encryption on security and providing theoretical support, this paper addresses relation between the parameters and security. A simulating system is designed and developed. Then, it gives some simulation and analysis of a two-dimensional code identity and evaluates the correctness of the algorithms. It also discusses security influence of parameters in the encryption system, such as diffraction distance, wavelength, random template, and focus length. Simulation results show that the wavelength has more influences on security than other parameters do, and that there exist a nonlinear relation between the parameters and security. Finally, it gives some topics for further research.

Infrared image is vulnerable to noise pollution. In order to improve the quality of the infrared image, a denoising algorithm based on classified wavelet coefficients using zerotree structure was proposed. First, the wavelet coefficients were classified via adaptive threshold by expressing the inter-scale dependencies using zerotree structure. Then, various prior distribution models were adopted to represent various statistic characteristics of different class’s coefficients. Finally, infrared image denoising was implemented by Bayes estimation. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithms in terms of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). As for visual quality, the proposed algorithm could reduce the noise effectively and retain more details simultaneously. Therefore, it can meet the general demand of denoising for infrared image.

Although randomized Hough transform and randomized circle detection are two fast algorithms for circle detection in image, there exists deficiency of speed and accuracy while practicing them. In this paper, we generally summarized two problems in the above algorithms. First, sampling distribution, accumulation distribution and number of consecutive sampling were concluded as the problem of sampling constraints. Second, the bias between parameters that are only determined by the three agent pixels and true ones were regarded as the problem of refinement. Based on the analysis of the two problems, we operated improved randomized circle detection algorithm and randomized Hough transform as a fast recognition method and a refinement scheme, respectively. Thus, a new circle detection method which is in the framework of recognition-refinement was proposed. Results from applying our method to images with noise and inferior boundaries demonstrate that this framework manages to balance well the tradeoff between speed and accuracy of detection, and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

In the process of billet detection and recognition, how to accurately divide the characters at ends of steel in the complex scene is a highly complicated intelligence problem. In order to solve this complex problem, a segmentation algorithm based on intelligent multi-agent is proposed in this paper. The algorithm takes these functions: the segmentation of characters, the combination of regions, the division of regions and the calculation of features, as the agents in the subordinate control layer. And then, these agents work in coordination with each other in the control of the master agent. Moreover, the segmentation information is fed back to the master agent to control and analyze the agents. At last, thebillet characters are divided accurately through the proposed algorithm of intelligent multi-agent. The segmentation experimental results show that the proposed algorithm divides the billet characters in the complex scene accurately and steadily. What’s more, the algorithm solves the difficult problem of the accurate segmentation of billet characters in the complex scene, and provides the guarantee for the characters recognition.

An affine invariant derived from the second derivative matrix is studied and the affine invariant considering not only the differential characteristic of image but also the integral characteristic of image is constructed. First, the second derivative matrix of a given image and its eigenvectors and eigenvalues are computed. Second, the compactification of affine transformation is implemented and a set of ellipses with the same center controlled by the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the second derivative matrix are constructed. Third, the affine invariant property of the ellipses with the same center is proved, and then a set of affine invariants using the property are constructed. Finally, the affine invariants are applied to the registration of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. The simulation results show that the algorithm can reduce the disturbance from the speckle noise of SAR image and adapt the relatively large deviation of viewpoint.

For the question of the segmentation for Forward-looking Infrared (FLIR) building images, a template- based method based on the traditional method is presented. Firstly, the 2D shape templets of building targets are made using the Digital Surface Model (DSM) data. Then, the image is processed by Gaussian filter, and is enhanced using the method of gray-scale mathematic morphology based on template dimension. Furthermore, after the introduction of idea about template shape transcendental information, silhouette information is described using the method of level set. Lastly, the additional energy of target silhouette transcendental information based on the C-V model makes the improvement of segmentation driven by image data and shape transcendental information simultaneity. Finally, target segmentation is realized. Experiment results show the proposed algorithm can precisely segment the buildings from FLIR images with a complicated background.

In the real-time image processing system, in order to solve real-time performance of the space low-pass filtering algorithm, an optimized method based on TMS320C6416 (C6416) was presented. The design applied the technologies like decomposing the low-pass filter, using the relativity of adjacent windows, using the fixed-point multiplication to implement floating-point division, reusing the intermediate result sufficiently and reducing the calculation and access of memory. The optimized algorithm is suitable for realizing on C6416 and solving real-timeperformance of the space low-pass filtering algorithm. The result shows that C6416 spares 0.8 ms after optimization and spares 6 ms before optimization. This research makes significant contributions to the method for optimization of program based on DSP.

A band-annular contrast measurement is proposed, which provides the ratio of the low frequency content of the band pass block. The image enhancement method based on the band-annular contrast improves visual effect of degraded image and provides convenience for further process and application of degraded images achieved by Chang’E-1 orbiter. The parameter of enhancement for considering absolute quality measure and relative quality measure is optimized by advanced genetic algorithms. The results of contrast experiment show that the discussed method can not only keep the basic information of images but also increase absolute quality measure. However, it costs time when genetic algorithms optimizing the parameter of enhancement.

Processing of optical aspheric parts by the lapping tool of bending and forming is a new method and the processing is line contact. The lapping principle of the bending and forming method is given. Based on the Preston equation, the specific lapping conditions is put forward to the bending and forming method. Analysis is made about the function of the pressure and the relative velocity on the any point of at the processing surface. The material removal function is deduced about the bending and forming method, and the lapping time function is verified to be accurate. The lapping model is an important theory basis for the processing practice of the bending formation method.

The big dimension telescope main mirror was exactly analyzed by ABAQUS finite element software using none linearity analysis method, which can quantitatively analyze the main mirror distortion caused by the big dimension telescope main mirror self weight. The scrub form of punish function was introduced to the scrub contact of the main mirror groupware in the analysis course. The ball head touch and core axes touch were molded and an emergency analysis of the mirror groupware Y and Z directions were completed. The surface appearance change was very little, which was caused by the self weight of the mirror groupware. The Y and Z directions of the RMS were 16 nm and 13 nm. And the Yand Z directions of the main mirror rolling the X direction were 0.5″ and 0.02″. The system can completely satisfies the using condition. The analysis can offer some reference to the adding research of the telescope.

In order to realize ultra-smooth polishing for the optics of 193 nm projection lens, a non-contact micro fluid jet ultra-smooth surfaces polishing method is introduced, and the material removal mechanism and ultra-smooth polishing effect are investigated. First, the material removal mechanism is studied by fluid dynamics simulation, which indicates that the shape of the remove function takes on W type through the analysis of the flow flied. Then the influence of the technological parameters on the polishing effect is analyzed by using orthogonal test. It is shown that the material remove rate increases as the entrance velocity and abrasive concentration increase, and decreases as the work distance increases, and the work distance has a great effect, which gives some directions for the choice of technological parameters in the experiment study. At last, one fused silica flat optical element is polished, and the surface roughness (root-mean-square) of the sample is improved from initial 1.02 nm to final 0.56 nm. It is shown that the micro fluid jet polishing technology can be used for optical element ultra-smooth polishing.

In recent years, head-mounted display systems tend to develop into planar see-through display which is much smaller and lighter. Considering ghost images in planar display based on transparent film array with 45° inclination, a novel improved structure is proposed. By reducing inclination of films, the inclinations of different Field of View (FOV) in the waveguide increase, which means exit-pupil can be extended. In such case, beams that may cause ghost images also change their propagating paths. At the same time, dual-layer waveguide which has a filmed layer and a non-filmed layer can constrain conditions of ghost images when its size is limited. According to analysis and calculation, a design with 24° film inclination is presented, which can realize horizontal and vertical expansion. The system can also achieve 20° horizontal FOV and 13.4° vertical FOV.