Photo-thermal interferometry, which is highly sensitive, real-time and free-effected by light scattering, can directly measure the absorption coefficient without changing atmospheric aerosol state. It is firstly elaborated that the basic principles of photo-thermal interferometry for measuring aerosol absorption coefficient. Several typical photo-thermal interferometers are analyzed, including Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, Jamin interferometer and folded Jamin interferometer. Then the research process of this method and corresponding unsolved problems are brought out. On this basis, a fiber structure photo-thermal interferometer test device is developed. Finally, the future trend of this method is concluded.

Atmospheric transmission characteristic is the key factor which affects infrared imaging system. Several factors of atmospheric transmittance were analyzed, the mathematical model was studied and the simulation was implemented. Infrared imaging simulation results show that the characteristics of atmospheric transmission must be considered when demonstrating and developing an infrared imaging system.

In the process of high-resolution astronomical observation and space optical mapping, the high-speed turbulence effect leads to reduced resolution of optical imaging sensor. On the base of influence of high-speed turbulence effect for the optical observation system, the development and technical characteristics of adaptive optics technology are investigated and analysed. In this part, the basic principles of wavefront control and measurement using the current production line of adaptive optics are described, including micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror which is one of the most promising technology for wavefront modulation and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors. A new method based on the technology of adaptive optics and the data of optical path difference (OPD) for simulating the effect of optical transmission induced by turbulence is presented. The modeling and characteristics of atmospheric turbulence effect applied for optical imagery detector of astronomical observation and space optical mapping have been obtained. Based on the theory model of high-speed turbulence effects and digital simulation results, a preliminary experiment was done and the results verified the feasibility of the new method. The OPD data corresponding to optical propagation effect through turbulent atmosphere can be achieved by the calculation based on the method of ray-tracing and principle of physical optics. It is a common practice to decompose aberrated wavefronts in series over the Zernike polynomials. These data can be applied to the drive and control of the deformable mirror. This kind of simulation method can be applied to simulate the optical distortions effect, such as the dithering and excursion of light spot, in the space based earth observation with the influence of high-speed turbulent atmosphere. With the help of the adaptive optics technology, the optical sensor and ability of space optical detection system for correcting the target image blurred by turbulence of atmosphere can be tested and evaluated in the laboratory.

By using Gilibrator-2 electronic soap film flowmeter, the system flow of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was calibrated. Aerosol generator was also used to test the accuracy of measuring particle size. The result indicates that before the system flow of SMPS was calibrated, there is a deviation between the values of sample flow and sheath flow on SMPS panel and the correspondingly actual values of them. The diameter in peak is 274.3 nm before the flow on panel is calibrated. Measuring diameter in peak of aerosol particles is 198.7 nm after calibration. The deviation between standard size and measuring result reduces from 36.1% to 2.1%. Size distribution and number concentration of aerosols were also compared and analyzed before and after the SMPS flow was calibrated.

In order to investigate the temporal characteristics of its fluorescence background, spectra of the pore water squeezed from sediment core were obtained. Concentration gradient of SO2-4, which suggests depletion of SO2-4 by sulfate reduction, was observed within the pore water using Raman spectroscopy. Besides, a notable fluorescence background difference in the Raman spectra of the pore water over different exposure duration to air was also observed. The fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the pore water showed that the fluorescence at 300～350 nm increases gradually over time once the sediment core was recovered. Possible explanations for the results were preliminarily discussed.

If retrieval accuracy for CO2 using the satellite remote sensing reached 1%, the deficiency of ground observation can be made up through the global continuous high precision observation. In the retrieval algorithm, the retrieval accuracy is not only affected by the cirrus clouds and aerosols, but also by effects of other factors (surface temperature, surface pressure, surface albedo and atmospheric humidity). The influence on the retrieval results for CO2 , as well as the influence of typical aerosols on the retrieval results were analyzed when surface temperature, surface pressure, surface albedo, atmospheric humidity respectively increased by 1% and reduce by 1%, under the background of US1976 America Standard Atmosphere and the observation height of 100 km, based on the optimum nonlinear retrieval algorithm, using a line by line integral radiation transfer model (LBLRTM) simulation. The results showed that effects of the four kinds of typical aerosol (marine, desert, urban, rural) on the retrieval results are relatively large. The maximal impact corresponded to the marine aerosol, if the visibility is 5 km, the influence percentage relative to the initial value (380 ppm) decreased by 27.18%. The minimal impact corresponded to rural aerosol, if the visibility is 23 km, the influence percentage relative to the initial value (380 ppm) decreased by 7.78%. The surface reflectance, surface temperature, and surface pressure have great influences on the retrieval results for CO2 , but have little influence of atmospheric humidity on the retrieval results, which can be ignored.

The spectrally tunable source based on spatial light modulator (SLM) is a novel source applying to remote sensor calibration, which aimed at achieving a new calibration model about spectral matching between calibration source and observed scene to further improve spectral and radiometric calibration accuracy. According to the non-photoconductive characteristic of the digital micromirror device and the special operating modes of the source, a spectral calibration scheme based on laser wavelengths and field spectroradiometer was adopted for coarse and precise spectral calibration, and a temporary radiometric calibration method based on lamp-plaque system and field spectroradiometer was adopted. Whereafter, this source was calibrated at 470～945 nm band spectrally and radiometrically. The uncertainty analysis showed that the accuracy of spectral calibration was better than 0.2 nm, and the combined radiometric calibration uncertainty was less than 3.1 % (k=1).

For MO-PA (master-oscillator pouver amplifier) excimer laser dual-chamber discharge synchronous system, a square wave signal generator based on PIC16F873A microcontroller and DDS (direct digital synthesizer, direct digital frequency synthesizer) chip AD9833 is designed. Comparing to advantages and disadvantages of the traditional simple signal generator and considering application environment of laser operating, the hardware structure of the system and the software process to achieve were discussed. Through experiments and analysis, the results show that the output signal circuit can generate high quality square wave ranging within 1～4 kHz and the frequency error is less than 0.05 Hz.

Based on the colorimetry of temperature measurement, the environmental factors which influence the accuracy of colorimetric temperature measurement much more are discussed. Through theoretical analysie, a thought is put forward that the interference of the external environmental factors can be removed from the colorimetric temperature measurement of dual band collected information. Through the treatment and analysis of experimental data, the best calibration model is obtained, and the accuracy of colorimetric temperature measurement is improved.

The uniformity of the heating process about the internal and surface temperature of the slab directly affects the processing quality of the slab. To make the internal and surface temperature of the slab uniform in the heating process, a long heating cycle is needed from street entering to the preheated and the heating section, and to soaking of the slab. But the longer residence time at the high temperature, the surface of the slab is more easily oxided, which is the result of oxidation corrosion of steel at high temperatures and in industrial production is also referred to as “the scale”. In the heating furnace with changes of the air-fuel furnace temperature, flow and process requirements, the temperature of the scale also fluctuated, which played a role in the accurate measurement of the slab surface temperature. Therefore how to separate the slab surface temperature is important. Several image segmentation algorithms are compared to obtain the suitable region growing method, which can distinguish iron scales from the slab temperature and obtain the desired temperature.