The grating spectrometer for space detection is a kind of spectrometer based on the grating dispersing which works on the satellite track. The recent development of grating spectrometer for space detecting is elaborated. Several kinds of advanced grating spectrometer’s structure and technical specification are introduced, and the latest development and application of grating spectrometer for space detection are analyzed. Latest application includes detection of the space atmosphere environment and the surface of earth, focus on ionosphere, ozone and greenhouse gas columns and profiles, acquiring the image and spectrum of earth surface simultaneously, which acquires more data than before. The latest development is to detect ultraviolet and infrared spectrum, which cover a larger field of view, and improve the spatial resolution. Combined with the advantages of high reliability of the system, grating spectrometer is very suitable for detecting space and terrestrial environment.

Tropospheric aerosol extinction was profiled by a polarization-Mie lidar before and after a rainy weather system and a snow weather system, respectively. It can be seen that both rainfall and snowfall can clean aerosol particles in the atmosphere from the variation of aerosol optical thickness and the proportion of coarse particle before and after the special weather system. The result shows that snowfall is better than rainfall to flush aerosol particles.

Aiming at solving low computation speed of present non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmospheric radiative transfer model, band model algorithm with high speed and fine accuracy was applied, and NLTE atmospheric radiative transfer model was established. Firstly, vibrational temperature profile was calculated based on the upper and lower level populations. Secondly, departure coefficient and cross section factor were calculated according to atmospheric kinetic temperature, vibrational temperature and partition function. Finally, hemisphere adding method was proposed to solve NLTE radiative transfer equation in limb geometry. Vibrational temperature and cross section factor profile were calculated and analyzed in 1976 U.S. Atmospheric Mode, and atmospheric NLTE limb radiances in daytime of CO2 in 15 μm band at typical tangent heights were investigated. The rapid calculation model was validated by SHARC based on line-by-line algorithm. The rapid calculation model only consumes a few seconds per time, and with fine spectral resolution(1 cm-1).

Based on finger print absorption, the technique of passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) enables the qualitative and quantitative measurement of a variety of pollutants found in the atmosphere using scattering light as light source. As a new type of photoelectric detection technology, imaging detection technology can get the spatial and spectral information of the detection area at the same time, which makes it possible to realize two-dimensional imaging measurement of the pollutants when combined with passive DOAS. The experimental system consisted of convex grating Offner imaging spectrometer, matrix CCD, UV lens and scan table is introduced, and the optical design of the Offner imaging spectrometer is described in detail. The software system based on MFC was developed, which realized such functions as: detector parameter setting, data acquisition and display, data storage, the control of scan table, imaging of the target, and the combination of image with spectrum. The system was carried to scan the plume from a fossil power plant in a field measurement. And the column density of SO2 was retrieved from processing of the scattered sun light spectra collected by the system by means of the spectral analysis method of passive DOAS. The results show that the system can run stably and be used to realize two-dimension imaging measurement of the pollutants.

X-ray fluorescence is an effective method monitoring the heavy metals successively. To monitor the atmospheric heavy metal in factory on-line, sample enrichment and accurate control of distance between the X-ray detector and the sample are essential. An accurate distance control method, with a photoelectric displacement sensor monitoring the shift of sample, is proposed. With an MCU, the distance control system is worked out. Using the distance control system, a series of sample location control experiment are finished. The relative standard deviation of data is about 0.5%. The deviation is less than 0.8 mm between the actual distance and the exact distance of 100 mm. It is confirmed that this distance control system can afford the sample location requirement of the on-line monitor of the atmospheric heavy metal.

As the first satellite, which can provide highest spatial resolution image data in China, CBERS-02B has been widely used in territorial resources, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, environmental protection, disaster monitoring, mapping, urban planning and so on. Mountain topography has obvious effect on the character retrival of mountain terrain surface. DEM data accuracy effect on the topographic correction was analyzed. Several correction methods, such as C correction, SCS+C correction, Minnaert correction and Ekstrand-r correction, were compared and the correction results were evaluated. The results indicate that former correction methods are also fit for the HR data correction of CBERS-02B image, which will provide basis for the CBERS-02B image correction.

An onboard calibrator which consists of integrating minisphere and surveillance detectors for solar reflective bands is carried on the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI). Based on the onboard calibration data from November 13, 2010 to April 11, 2013 of satellite FY-3B, it is proved that the degradation of MERSI on FY-3B is wavelength dependent. The annual degradation rate of channels on visible onboard calibrator (VOC) is less than 5.0%/year expect for Band 1(470 nm) which has noticeably annual degradation rate over 7.0%/year. The short wavelength bands (470～565 nm) of MERSI have an annual degradation rate performance more than 10.0%/year while the longer wavelength bands with annual degradation rate less than 4.0%/year during the past two years.

In order to develop the technology of precise positioning which was applied in the field of micro-operation widely, a precise device of scanning and positioning based on voice-coil actuator was designed and applied on positioning of imaging facula in the measurement of spectra. Based on the contrast of different motor driver, the linear voice-coil actuator was selected as the driving device of precise positioning. According to the classification of different linear DC-motor, working principle, parameters and the basis of selection of the voice-coil actuator were described. The flexible bearing and cantilever were introduced in the structure design, and the stress analysis of the flexible cantilever was performed. With the demand of precise positioning and the working of voice-coil actuator, the special driving device was designed. The performance validation of the scanning device was adopted. The results show that the stable time of the scanning and positioning device is less than 30 ms and the long time working excursion is less than 1.5 μm, so the design requirements of micro-meter of the device were accomplished.

MATLAB is used more and more widely in digital image processing. First, the original test data obtained from underwater laser line scanning system need to be processed. The mathematical morphology can be used to deal with the underwater laser line scan results. The background light noise can be eliminated effectively. The targets can be extracted from the histogram equalization. The experiment results show that the resolution and SNR are improved, and the quantity of underwater laser line scan image is improved. At the same time, the detection range of underwater laser imaging is increased.

The noise of receiving end in mobile communication systems will change after the introduction of fiber optic repeater station. Through the analysis of the noise transmission distance between the fiber optic repeater and the noise change of the receiving end after introduction of fiber optic repeater station, it was found that the noise increment was mainly decided by repeater gain and the path loss from repeater to base station transmitter. Further, it was deduced that the fiber optic repeater uplink gain should be smaller than loss path by 8 dB, and its downstream gain should be designed to fully take into account the balance of the system up and down the line. Finally, a set of fiber optic repeater were designed with the system noise figure of 3 dB, uplink gain of 30 dB, and downlink power of 36 dBm. After actual delivery, it was found that the proportion of the network blind reduced to 3.18%, indicating that the repeater has quite remarkable effect, stable performance, and good compatibility with the original base.

At the scene of the laboratory simulation industry, an online detection system for the measurement of silicon rod diameter in polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace is proposed. The method of binocular stereo vision is used in the system. Firstly, double CCD is used to get real-time image of silicon rod model, calibration of the camera, extraction of the characteristic points, stereo matching in turn, then the diameter of silicon rod model is calculated through three-dimensional coordinates of feature points. The experimental results show that, silicon rod diameter measurement results achieved the required precision of reduction furnace process parameter automatic control, and the proposed system effectively avoided several factors such as artificial observation for a long time and errors due to subjective factor.