Measurement of atmosphere humidity profile is important for short time weather forecast and longtime climate analysis. There are several methods to measure atmosphere humidity profile, but they have disadvantages in different regions. Wind profiler radar has superiority in measuring humidity profile. The theory of wind profiler radar estimating atmosphere humidity profile is discussed. Based on the wind profile radar data and air sounding data of three timescales on 29, September 2009, the atmosphere humidity profile of the three timescale is estimated through calculating the atmosphere turbulent dissipation rating by using wind profiler radar and the temperature profile by using air sounding data. The result is reliable. Using wind profiler radar to estimate atmosphere humidity profile is feasible.

A turbulence-degraded image blind restoration method (AccRLTV-IBD) using accelerated and regularized Richardson-Lucy(RL) algorithm is proposed. The accelerated and regularized RL (AccRLTV) algorithm is based on total variation (TV) regularized RL algorithm and vector extrapolation acceleration technique. The observed image or the physical model of long exposure atmospheric turbulence optical transfer function (OTF) is used to obtain the initial point spread function (PSF), and a non-reference restored image quality evaluation criterion called relative gray mean grads (RGMG) is defined on the basis of other evaluation criterion called gray mean grads (GMG). The restored images of simulation data and real turbulence-degraded data show that the IBD method based on RL is better than the IBD method based on Wiener, and AccRLTV-IBD, compared with RL-IBD algorithm, has greater convergence rate and better restoration result.

The rapid and in situ measuring methods of algae photosynthesis activity by using highlight LED as the excitation light source was presented. Based on the analysis of the absorption spectrum of different algae, the fluorescence induced curve was obtained by using three kinds of excitation light source of measurement light, saturation pulse light and actinic light in the measurement of algae photosynthesis activity. To improve the stability of the excitation light source, the constant current drive circuit based boost circuit was designed to eliminate the effects of the supply voltage fluctuations and temperature changes on the instability of the illumination of excitation light source, and to provide basic parameters for the design of the measurement system of algae photosynthesis activity.

Extinction minus scattering is an important method for aerosols absorption measurement. Due to sensitivity of climate change depending on aerosols absorption, uncertainty of extinction and scattering coefficient is analyzed, and uncertainty equation of aerosols absorption with extinction minus scattering is established. Under different coalbedo, uncertainty value of aerosols absorption is discussed. The result would play an important role in evaluating aerosols radiation forcing and giving useful reference for climate forcing effect.

Automatic extraction and delineation of individual tree crown using airborne laser altimeter is an effective method to obtain forest information. The airborne laser altimeter can describe characterization of vegetation canopy structure by recording the time history of the return waveform within a small footprint for each laser pulse, but difficult to give out the large canopy metrics, like the canopy size and stem diameter. A collection of individual waveforms combined within a synthesized large footprint was used, through Gaussian decomposition of laser altimeter waveforms, to define three metrics: canopy height, canopy reflection ratio, and height of median energy. All three metrics were tested for reproducibility, the results show that combining several individual small-footprint laser pulses to define a composite “large-footprint” waveform is a possible method to depict the vertical structure of a vegetation canopy.

The atmospheric horizontal visibility is one of the important parameters in some realms such as transportation. A method of one-terminal transmission visibility meter by using corner reflector is proposed based on the principle of transmission visibility measurement. The system is easy to be adjusted and calibrated due to combination of transmitter and receiver. With the laser light going and back, the length of horizontal atmosphere volume is doubled, so the visibility measurement range is extended. By means of phase locking amplifying, signal noise has been effectively suppressed and the accuracy of visibility measurement is improved. The result of the experiments shows that correlation coefficient between measured value and actual value is up to 99.98%. Finally, the results of visibility measurement are given. Reaserches indicate that correlation coefficient R between our system and foreign instrument is 0.9904.

Focal plane arrays is the core component of the uncooled infrared imaging system, based on the technical parameters of uncooled focal plane infrared detector produced by the French UILS UL01011. Its working wavelength is 8~14 μm, the temperature sensor range is －20℃0℃. To expand its sensing range, the glass attenuation is installed before the uncooled infrared absorption slide. By calculating the experimental data of the different glass attenuation, the temperature range under different conditions is obtained, so as to improve its measurementrange.

Measurement of humidity in the full temperature and working condition is a difficult problem in the field of atmospheric observation all over the world. Dew-point hygrometer can measure humidity in the full temperature field; however, it has not been put into operation application at present. Based on the analysis of the development of chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer in China and abroad, the key technique problems in operation application are discussed in detail.

The ground-based microwave radiometer for real-time and continuous atmospheric temperature profile, humidity profile and liquid water profile are introduced. The ability of the microwave radiometer is proved by comparing the temperature and humidity profile from the radiosonde with the integrated water vapor from sun-photometer. And two typical weather event processes are analyzed based on the observation data. It is certificated that the microwave radiometer can monitor the process information of cloud and weather changes.

The polluted multigases in the atmosphere were continuously monitored around Guangzhou Baiyun Airport with extraction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) during Guangzhou Asian Games in 2010. The system structure and spectral quantitative analysis methods were introduced, and concentration results were analyzed. As a result, the cycle of hour average values of carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations had daily periodicity. There were several extreme values during monitoring period, which is still within national secondary standard. The hour average values of ethylene and acetylene concentrations changed synchronously, which should come from the same sources. The monitoring pollutants were not out of limits obviously throughout the Asian Games, during which the emission control measures were effective.

Remote sensing images are easily affected by noise in the process of acquisition and transmission. Based on the morphological component analysis (MCA) representation and the methods of inpainting to remote sensing images, the method of adaptive denoising on the basis of the MCA sparse decomposition and the method of denoising on the basis of image inpainting are both proposed. Compared with other classical denoising models, it is concluded that the former method can adaptivly remove the Gaussian white noise effectively, the latter method can adaptivly remove the salt and pepper noise of the gray or the colored remote sensing images effectively, especially can remove both salt noise and pepper noise at the same time. Both the subjective visual effects and the objective and quantitative evaluation of the methods are better than common models.

In order to develop infrared imaging technique based on parametric up-conversion, according to the up-converter model which can transform 10.6 μm radiation into visible light range, the phase matching angle, walk-off angle, acceptable angle and efficient nonlinear coefficient of GaSe, ZnGeP2 and AgGaS2 crystals with different phase matching methods were calculated. The results were well analyzed and compared. It is found that ZnGeP2 and AgGaS2 crystal are ideal up-converters because both of them can employ noncritical phase matching method and their acceptable angles are bigger than six degree, and nonlinear coefficient of ZnGeP2 can achieve 75 pm/V. The numerical simulation result gives a well theoretical instruction to up-conversion experiment of long wavelength infrared radiation(LWIR).