Fig. 1. Diagram of the Kessler syndrome^［3］

Fig. 2. The cosmos 2251- iridium 33 collision event^［2］

Fig. 3. Diagram of the attitude/orbit takeover control for a failed spacecraft^［8］

Fig. 4. Diagram of the takeover control by a rigid manipulator^［25］

Fig. 5. Typical projects of the takeover control by rigid manipulators^［26］

Fig. 6. Diagram of the takeover control for the failed spacecraft based on cellular robots^［27］

Fig. 7. On-orbit demonstration validation scenario for the Phoenix Program^［30］

Fig. 8. Diagram of the iBOSS project^［32］

Fig. 9. System composition of the space cellular robot proposed by Northwestern Polytechnical University^［32］

Fig. 10. Diagram of the takeover control by the traditional space net system^［41］

Fig. 11. Validation test for the space net deployment by ESA RemoveDEBRIS^［42-43］

Fig. 12. Diagram of the takeover control by a maneuverable space net robot^［55］

Fig. 13. Diagram of the takeover control by a tethered space robot

Fig. 14. Diagram of the structural components of a space tethered robotic mechanism^［63］

Fig. 15. Diagram of the electromagnetic-based takeover control for space targets^［25］

Fig. 16. Experimental equipment of Japan JAXA eddy current takeover control system

Fig. 17. Ground experiment system of single-degree-of-freedom eddy current takeover control conducted by Northwestern Polytechnical University^［70］

Fig. 18. Diagram of the takeover control based on non-contact electrostatic Coulomb forc^［80］

Fig. 19. Diagram of the takeover control by an ion beam impact-based spacecraft^［25］