[1] [1] Romero-Cadaval Enrique, Spagnuolo Giovanni, Garcia Franquelo Leopoldo, et al. Grid-connected photovoltaic generation plants: components and operation[J]. Industrial Electronics Magazine IEEE, 2013, 7(3): 6-20.

[2] [2] Vergura Silvano, Marino Francescomaria. Quantitative and computer-aided thermography-based diagnostics for PV devices: part I—framework[J]. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2017, 7(3): 822-827.

[3] [3] YANG Ruizhen, DU Bolun, DUAN Puhong, et al. Electromagnetic induction heating and image fusion of silicon photovoltaic cell electrothermography and electroluminescence[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2020, 16(7): 4413-4422.

[4] [4] BU Chiwu, LIU Tao, LI Rui, et al. Infrared thermal imaging detection and image sequence processing of photovoltaic cell defects[J]. Journal of Optics, 2022, 42(7): 118-124.

[5] [5] WANG Youyang, LI Liying, SUN Yifan, et al. Adaptive automatic solar cell defect detection and classification based on absolute electroluminescence imaging[J]. Energy, 2021, 229: 120606.

[6] [6] HAN J H, WEI Y T, PENG Z M, et al. Overview of infrared dim target detection methods[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2022, 51(4): 438-461.

[7] [7] XIA J F, TANG W Q, YANG Q. Automatic detection method of hot spot in photovoltaic aerial infrared image[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Edition), 2022, 56(8): 1640-1647.

[8] [8] JIANG L, SU J H, SHI Y, et al. Thermal spot detection method of photovoltaic array based on infrared thermal image processing[J]. Journal of Solar Energy, 2020, 41(8): 180-184.

[9] [9] NIE Junfei, LUO Ting, LI Hui. Automatic hotspots detection based on UAV infrared images for large-scale PV plant[J]. Electronics Letters, 2020, 56(19): 993-995.

[10] [10] CHEN Haiyong, ZHAO Huifang, HAN Da, et al. Accurate and robust crack detection using steerable evidence filtering in electroluminescence images of solar cells[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2019, 118(7): 22-33.

[11] [11] QIAN X L, ZHANG H Q, ZHANG H L, et al. Visual saliency-based surface defect detection of solar cells[J]. Journal of Instrumentation, 2017, 38(7): 1570-1578.

[12] [12] WANG P Z, ZHENG S C. Fault analysis of solar photovoltaic arrays based on infrared images[J]. Journal of Solar Energy, 2010, 31(2): 197-202.

[13] [13] ZHAO Lingling, WANG Ye, LIU Jun. Analysis of PV panel inspection based on UAV and HSV space[J]. Infrared Technology, 2020, 42(10): 978-982.

[14] [14] LI M Y, LIU Z L, ZHAO W X, et al. Leaf reflection suppression technique for in-camera detection of surface structured light[J]. China Optics, 2022, 15(3): 464-475.

[15] [15] JIANG B, SHI F, CUI D X, et al. Improved k-means clustering infrared target detection method[J]. Applied Optics, 2012, 33(4): 766-769.

[16] [16] WANG J, WANG S T, DENG Z H, et al. Fast kernel density estimation image threshold segmentation algorithm for small target images[J]. Journal of Automation, 2012, 38(10): 1679-1689.

[17] [17] Janssen Paul, Swanepoel Jan. Efficiency behaviour of kernel-smoothed kernel distribution function estimators[J]. South African Statistical Journal, 2020, 54(1): 15-23.

[18] [18] HAN Bohyung, Comaniciu Dorin, ZHU Ying, et al. Sequential kernel density approximation and its application to real-time visual tracking[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, 2008, 30(7): 1186-97.

[19] [19] HAN Ping, WANG Wenqing, SHI Qingyan, et al. A combined online-learning model with K-means clustering and GRU neural networks for trajectory prediction[J]. Ad Hoc Networks, 2021, 117(44): 102476.

[20] [20] LIAO J Y, WU S, LIU A L. Improved K-means clustering algorithm for selecting initial clustering centers based on the phase dissimilarity measure[J]. Control and Decision Making, 2021, 36(12): 3083-3090.

[21] [21] WANG H Q, HOU W B, PENG Q B, et al. SPPM stepwise classification and detection algorithm based on K-mean clustering[J]. Journal of Communication, 2022, 43(1): 161-171.

[22] [22] XU L M, LV J D. Bayberry image segmentation based on homomorphic filtering and K-means clustering algorithm[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(14): 202-208.

[23] [23] OUYANG Z, ZHANG H L, TANG Z Y, et al. Research on surface defect detection algorithm for complex textured tiles[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2022, 40(2): 414-421.

[24] [24] XIAO Y, LUO D, JIANG Q Z, et al. Thermal infrared image identification method for high-voltage equipment faults in substations based on temperature probability density[J]. High Voltage Technology, 2022, 48(1): 307-318.

[25] [25] YANG L, GAO D D, MENG G S, et al. Research on fault diagnosis method of photovoltaic module[J]. Mechanical Design and Manufacturing, 2021(12): 82-87.

[26] [26] Vega Diaz, Vlaminck Michiel, Lefkaditis Dionysios, et al. Solar panel detection within complex backgrounds using thermal images acquired by UAVs[J]. Sensors (Basel), 2020, 20(21): 6219.

[27] [27] LI Z Y, DING K, ZHANG J W, et al. Selective enhancement-based shading segmentation of photovoltaic arrays[J]. Advances in Laser and Optoelectronics, 2021, 58(24): 201-209.