Fig. 1. Immunofluorescence staining of primary cilia in M059K and M059J cells exposed to X-ray: (a) immunofluorescence pictures of primary cilia in M059K cells treated with 10 Gy of X-rays at 3 d post-irradiation (10 Gy-3 d) or non-irradiated (Ctrl); (b) the proportion of ciliated cells in (a); (c) immunofluorescence pictures of primary cilia in Ctrl or 10 Gy-3 d M059J cells; (d) the proportion of ciliated cells in (c); primary cilia and basal bodies were stained for Arl13b (red, white arrows indicated) and γ-Tub (green), respectively; the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue); scale bar, 10 μm. ns, not significant; **p<0.01, 10 Gy-3 d vs. Ctrl (color online)

Fig. 2. Immunofluorescence staining of primary cilia in M059K and M059J cells treated with serum starvation: (a) immunofluorescence pictures of primary cilia in M059K cells starved for 3 d (SS-3 d) or normal condition (Ctrl); (b) the proportion of ciliated cells in (a); (c) immunofluorescence pictures of the primary cilia in Ctrl or 3 d (SS-3 d) M059J cells; (d) the proportion of ciliated cells in (c); primary cilia and basal bodies were stained for Arl13b (red, white arrows indicated) and γ-Tub (green), respectively; the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue); scale bar, 10 μm. **p<0.01, SS-3 d vs. Ctrl (color online)

Fig. 3. Assessment of autophagy levels in M059K and M059J cells treated with X-ray or serum starvation: (a) representative immunofluorescence images of LC3 in M059K and M059J cells treated with serum starvation for 3 d (SS-3 d), 10 Gy of X-rays at 3 d post-irradiation (10 Gy-3 d), or normal culture condition (Ctrl); autophagosomes were stained for LC3 (green) and the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar, 10 μm; (b) the relative fluorescence intensity of LC3 (vs. Ctrl) in M059K and M059J cells in (a); (c) immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 in M059K and M059J Ctrl cells or SS-3 d cells; (d) immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 in M059K and M059J Ctrl cells or 10 Gy-3 d cells; GAPDH was used as a loading control. ns, not significant, *p<0.05, SS-3 d or 10 Gy-3 d vs. Ctrl (color online)

Fig. 4. Detection of the primary cilia in M059K and M059J cells treated with RAPA: (a) immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 in M059K and M059J treated with DMSO or RAPA for 3 d; (b) the relative expression levels of p62 in cells in (a); (c) immunofluorescence pictures of primary cilia in M059K and M059J cells administrated with DMSO or RAPA for 3 d. Primary cilia and basal bodies were stained for Arl13b (red, white arrows indicated) and γ-Tub (green), respectively; the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar 10 μm; (d) the proportion of ciliated cells in cells in (c); *p<0.05 and **p<0.01, RAPA-3d vs. DMSO (color online)

Fig. 5. Detection of the primary cilia in X-ray-irradiated M059K and SS-treated M059J cells co-treated with CQ: (a) immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 in 10 Gy X-ray exposed-M059K cells combined with DMSO or CQ for 3 d; (b) the proportion of ciliated cells in cells in (a); (c) immunoblotting analysis of the protein expression levels of p62 in SS-treated M059J cells combined with DMSO or CQ for 3 d; (d) the proportion of ciliated cells in cells in (c); *p<0.05 and **p<0.01, CQ vs. DMSO