Opto-Electronic Engineering, Volume. 51, Issue 7, 240088(2024)
Perovskite quantum dot color conversion Micro-LEDs: progress in stability and patterning
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of a typical ABX3 crystal structure of halide perovskite[33] ; (b) Possible pathways for phase transitions of CsPbI3[39] ; (c) Photo-oxidation mechanism of CsPbI3[43]; (d) Schematic of the interaction between water and PNCs[47]; (e) Schematic of photo-induced agglomeration of CsPbBr3[45]
Fig. 3. (a) Structure of CsPbI3-DDAB and CsPbI3-OA/OLA[52]; (b) PLQY stability of CsPbI3-DDAB and CsPbI3-OA/OLA[52]; (c) TEM image of CsPbI3-DDAB after 60 days of storage in a dark environment[52]; (d) Strategy of HI-induced in situ exchange strategy of 5AVA ligand with OA/OLA ligand[54]; (e) Schematic of the passivation of amphipathic ionic ligands (sulfobetaine, phosphocholine and γ-aminoacids)[58]; (f) DDAB and DLPS dual ligand passivation strategies[59]; (g) PL stability of three QDs in natural environments[59]
Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of in-situ synthesized Ni2+ doped CsPbI3 PQD[75]; (b) Variation of PLQY with storage time for undoped and Ni-doped CsPbI3 PQD[75]; (c) Stabilization mechanism of Zn2+ doped CsMnCl3 PQD[77]; (d) PLQY at different Zn/Mn mass ratios[77]; (e) Process flowchart for the preparation of CsPbBr3 PQDs doped with NdCl3[79]; (f) PLQY stability of CsPbBr3 PQDs with different dopants in a natural environment[79]
Fig. 5. (a) Schematic structure of CsPbBr3/LLPDE[83]; (b) Degradation of CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3/LLPDE in natural environment[83]; (c) Degradation of CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3/LLPDE under 365 nm light irradiation[83]; (d) Flowchart for preparation of polymerisable CsPbX3 PQD ink[87]; (e) Ligand exchange and ALD-Al2O3 encapsulation flowchart[97]; (f) CsPbBr3/CdS and CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 encapsulation methods and energy maps[103]; (g) Degradation of various QD materials in aqueous environment (left) and 365 nm light environment (right)[103]
Fig. 6. (a) Schematic diagram of the preparation of CsPbBr3 perovskite PQD in LHD nanosheets[107]; (b) PL stability of CsPbBr3 and LDH-CP-CsPbBr3 at high temperatures[107]; (c) Schematic diagram of in-situ growth of CsPbBr3 QDs on hydrophobic silica aerogel[108]; (d) PL stability of PQDs after heating at high temperatures for 1 hour[108]; (e) Design schematic of CsPbBr3 PQD composite materials[109]; (f) Fluorescence characteristics of CsPbBr3 PQD composite materials during heating-cooling cycles[109]; (g) PL stability of PQDs with the addition of ethyl cellulose in a natural environment[110]
Fig. 7. (a) Schematic diagram of PQD thin film preparation using photolithographic masking method[113]; (b) PQD array with feature sizes as small as 3 µm[113]; (c) Schematic diagram of PQD thin film preparation using photolithographic peeling method[114]; (d) PQD dot array with a radius size of 5 µm[114]; (e) Schematic diagram of in-situ fabrication of PQD patterns using lead bromide complex[115]; (f) PQD fluorescence array with a resolution of up to 2450 PPI [115]; (g) Photopatterning mechanism of PZ ligands[116]; (h) High-resolution PQD pattern with a line spacing of 4 µm[116]
Fig. 8. (a) Reaction mechanism between PTMP and PQD (top) and schematic diagram of direct photolithographic fabrication of PQD patterns (bottom)[119]; (b) PQD fluorescence array with a resolution of 12700 PPI[119]; (c) Schematic diagram of PQD fluorescence array prepared by microsphere filling method[120]; (d) High-resolution PQD fluorescence array with pixel size of 2 µm[120]; (e) High-resolution dual-color PQD pattern[120].
Fig. 9. (a) Schematic diagram of PQD color conversion layer prepared by aerosol inkjet printing technique[125]; (b) PQD pattern with a line width of 13 µm [125]; (c) Schematic diagram of EHD inkjet printing[126]; (d) PQD pattern with a resolution of 10 µm [126]; (e) Red PQD fluorescence array with a resolution of 2540 DPI [127]; (f) Full-color PQD color conversion layer with subpixel diameter of 10 µm [127]; (g) Schematic diagram of red PQD fluorescence array prepared by ligand exchange and EHD inkjet printing process[127]
Fig. 10. (a) Schematic diagram of ink preparation and printing[129]; (b) PQD fluorescence array with a resolution of up to 22718 DPI[129]; (c) Fabrication process of mixed QD nanoring Micro-LED with line width less than 2 µm[130]; (d) QD pattern with a line width of 1.65 µm[130]; (e) Patterns of perovskite dot arrays with diameters of 1 µm, 2 µm, and 3 µm[131]
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Zijun Yan, Zhong Liu, Xiao Yang, Shouqiang Lai, Fengyu Yan, Zongmin Lin, Yue Lin, Yijun Lv, Haochung Kuo, Zhong Chen, Tingzhu Wu. Perovskite quantum dot color conversion Micro-LEDs: progress in stability and patterning[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2024, 51(7): 240088
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Received: Apr. 12, 2024
Accepted: Jul. 8, 2024
Published Online: Nov. 12, 2024
The Author Email: Wu Tingzhu (吴挺竹)