The rapid and efficient detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria have long been the focus of many research fields， such as life sciences， medical diagnosis， food safety， and environmental monitoring. Microfluidic chip analysis technology provides efficient methods and platforms for the research and detection of bacteria and other microorganisms. The combination of microfluidic chips and surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） spectroscopy detection technology provides many advantages and allows rapid identification and detection of pathogenic bacteria in biological samples. In this paper， we review the SERS analysis technology and its applications in microfluidic chip analysis. First， we introduce improved substrate materials for SERS and compare their effectiveness. The methods and techniques used to integrate SERS substrates on microfluidic chips are then systematically reviewed. Next， we discuss methods for the external injection of a nano metal sol into the microfluidic channel， embedding a solid nano structure in the microfluidic chip detection area， and the in-situ fabrication of nano structure substrates in the microfluidic channel. Finally， we provide an overview of the progress and future prospects of the application of the microfluidic chip analysis method integrated with SERS detection technology for the identification and quantitative detection of pathogenic bacteria.