Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In Situ TiC-Reinforced Ti-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding on TC4 Surface

Zhang Hongwei; Zhang Dingli; Zhang Tiangang; Li Baoxuan; Xu Yutong

doi:10.3788/LOP202158.0114001

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 1, 114001(2021)

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In Situ TiC-Reinforced Ti-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding on TC4 Surface

Zhang Hongwei¹, Zhang Dingli², Zhang Tiangang^1、*, Li Baoxuan², and Xu Yutong²

Author Affiliations

¹Engineering Techniques Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

²Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

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Figures & Tables(17)

Fig. 1. Micrograph of mixed powders

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Fig. 2. Surface morphology and penetrant detection of the coating. (a) Surface morphology; (b) penetrant detection

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Fig. 3. Cross section SEM of the coating

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Fig. 4. XRD analysis results of the coating

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Fig. 5. Distribution and morphology of TiC in different positions of the coating.(a)(b)(c) Top region; (d)(e)(f) middle zone; (g)(h)(i) bonding zone

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Fig. 6. EDS spectral of each phase in the coating.(a) A1 phase; (b) A2 phase; (c) A3 phase; (d) A4 phase

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Fig. 7. EPMA elements distribution of the coating.(a) Ti; (b) C; (c) Al; (d) V; (e) Ni; (f) Cr; (g) BSE; (h) SEM

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Fig. 8. Microhardness curve of the coating

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Fig. 9. White light interferogram morphology and wear contour curve of the coating wear surface (x, y axis).(a) TC4 substrate; (b) coating

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Fig. 10. Morphology of friction and wear. (a) TC4 substrate; (b) coating

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Table 1. Chemical composition of TC4 alloy unit:%
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Table 1. Chemical composition of TC4 alloy unit:%
Element Al V Fe N O Ti
Mass fraction 6.3600 4.0600 0.0500 0.0112 0.0770 Bal.

Table 2. Chemical composition of NiCr-Cr₃C₂ powder unit:%
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Table 2. Chemical composition of NiCr-Cr₃C₂ powder unit:%
Element Ni C Cr
Mass fraction 18.0-22.0 9.2-10.7 Bal.

Table 3. Process parameters of laser cladding
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Table 3. Process parameters of laser cladding
Power /W Scanning speed /(mm·min^-1) Spot diameter /mm Feeding rate /（r·min^-1） Focal length / mm Feeding gas(He) rate /(L·min^-1) Shielding gas(Ar) rate /(L·min^-1) Overlap ratio /%
1100 400 3.0 1.4 16 7 11 50

Table 4. Test methods and equipments of the coating

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Table 4. Test methods and equipments of the coating

No.	Test step	Test equipment	Test parameter
1	Forming quality	Visual inspectionSurface penetrant inspection	DPT-5 penetrantDPT-5 developer
2	Phase composition	D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffraction	─
3	Microstructure	Hitachi S-3000N SEM	─
4	Element composition	Oxford INCAPentaFET-X3 energy dispersive spectrometry	─
5	Region element distribution	JXA-8530F field emission electron probe	─
6	Microhardness	KB30SR-FA digital microhardness tester	Test load: 500 g; test time: 12 s; test space: 0.2 mm
7	Friction and wear	RTEC MFT-5000 tribometer; PTEC UP white-light interferometer	Normal load: 50 N; friction material: WC (diameter is 6 mm); sliding distance: 2 mm; frequency: 15 Hz; test time: 300 s

Table 5. Melting point of ceramic phases (TiC, Cr₇C₃, Cr₃C₂) unit：K
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Table 5. Melting point of ceramic phases (TiC, Cr₇C₃, Cr₃C₂) unit：K
Ceramic TiC Cr₇C₃ Cr₃C₂
Melting point temperature 3345 1838 2088

Table 6. EDS analysis results of each phase in the coating unit：%

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Table 6. EDS analysis results of each phase in the coating unit：%

Phase	Ratio	Ti	C	Al	V	Ni	Cr
A1(TiC)	Mass fraction	80.24	18.40	0.35	1.01	─	─
A1(TiC)	Atomic fraction	50.37	48.46	0.46	0.71	─	─
A2(TiC)	Mass fraction	80.41	17.80	0.34	0.97	─	0.48
A2(TiC)	Atomic fraction	52.37	46.21	0.44	0.66	─	0.32
A3(TiC)	Mass fraction	78.88	18.61	0.64	1.87	─	─
A3(TiC)	Atomic fraction	50.46	47.46	0.86	1.22	─	─
A4(α-Ti)	Mass fraction	74.70	3.75	5.51	4.31	3.20	8.53
A4(α-Ti)	Atomic fraction	65.54	13.13	8.59	3.56	2.29	6.89

Table 7. Friction and wear properties parameters of TC4 substrate and the coating
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Table 7. Friction and wear properties parameters of TC4 substrate and the coating
Material Wear depth /μm Wear surface /mm² Wear volume / (10^-3mm³) Average friction coefficient
TC4 substrate 152.0 4.89 275.40 0.65
Coating 131.6 4.13 200.90 0.49

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Zhang Hongwei, Zhang Dingli, Zhang Tiangang, Li Baoxuan, Xu Yutong. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In Situ TiC-Reinforced Ti-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding on TC4 Surface[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(1): 114001

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