Fig. 1. Typical spoof localized surface plasmons' structures and modal properties^{［3-5，12］}

Fig. 2. Novel electromagnetic modes of spoof localized surface plasmons^{［12，15，18，19，25，26］}

Fig. 3. Microwave vortex wave studies based on spoof localized surface plasmons^{［37，38，40，44］}

Fig. 4. Novel resonance structures of spoof localized surface plasmons^{［45，46］}

Fig. 5. Spoof localized surface plasmons in terahertz frequency^［50-54］

Fig. 6. SLSP resonance enhancements based on mode coupling^［56-61］

Fig. 7. Active amplification enhancement of spoof localized surface plasmons^［65-68］

Fig. 8. Solution concentration sensing based on spoof localized surface plasmons^{［13，54，70］}

Fig. 9. Cell sensing based on spoof localized surface plasmons^{［87，90］}

Fig. 10. Force sensing based on spoof localized surface plasmons^{［84，91-95］}

Fig. 11. Ultracompact and wireless SLSP sensing system^［100］