Fig. 1. WO₃ film with thickness of 800 nm deposited on ITO glass substrate. (a) XRD pattern; (b) XPS; (c) SEM photo

Fig. 2. Electrochromic properties of WO₃ film. (a) Transmittance curves; (b) CV cyclic curves

Fig. 3. Design of curtain-like electrochromic devices. (a) Structure comparison between traditional electrochromic device and curtain-like color-changing device; (b) photos of working process of curtain-like electrochromic device

Fig. 4. Bezel design of curtain-like WO₃-based electrochromic device. (a) Illustration of design with man-made fissure between storage area and working area of ions; (b) comparison between working processes of devices with and without fissure design (insets are working photos of two devices)

Fig. 5. Effect of WO₃ film thickness on response time, recovery time, and cyclic life

Fig. 6. Working process photos of curtain-like WO₃-based electrochromic devices with different sizes of storage area

Fig. 7. Performances of curtain-like WO₃-based electrochromic device. (a) Transmittance comparison between traditional device and curtain-like device (inset is structure illustration of traditional device); (b) memory effect of curtain-like device (insets are photos of device respectively in colored and bleached states)