Fig. 1. Probe targets for urological tumors

Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the imaging mode for an ex-vivo human bladder using a cystoscope. (a) Introduction of the cystoscope subsequent to bladder irrigation; (b) examination of the ex-vivo bladder with the cystoscope system

Fig. 3. Imaging of human bladder cancer by the bsProbe targeting the TME and tumor surface antigens, along with its pathological results

Fig. 4. In vivo imaging of mice 10 minutes after intravenous injection of ICG and ICG-PEG45, as well as ex vivo images of the liver (Li), kidney (Kid), heart (He), spleen (Sp) and urine

Fig. 5. Rapid response of the FMRs probe. (a) Fluorescence intensity of each probe at different times; (b) comparison of the imaging of prostate cancer by the fluorescent rotor probe and the common probe in mice 4 hours after probe injection; (c) LNCaP cells treated with 10 μmol/L ODAP-490, and images taken at 3-minute intervals for 2 hours using a confocal microscope at 37 ℃