Photonics Research, Volume. 8, Issue 6, 1002(2020)

Terahertz wave modulation properties of thermally processed BST/PZT ferroelectric photonic crystals

Ying Zeng1, Weijun Wang1, Furi Ling1、*, and Jianquan Yao1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 2College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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    Figures & Tables(7)
    AFM images of four samples annealed at: (a) 620°C, (b) 650°C, (c) 680°C, and (d) 700°C. The scan areas are 2 μm×2 μm,2 μm×2 μm,0.8 μm×0.8 μm, and 2 μm×2 μm, correspondingly. (e) XRD spectra of four samples annealed at different temperatures. (f) XPS spectra of four samples annealed at different temperatures. (g) High-resolution Ti 2p XPS spectra; orange lines are the fitted Gaussian curves. (h) High-resolution Pb 4f XPS spectra.
    (a) Time domain transmission spectrum of air; samples with 0 mW and 400 mW optical pump. (b) Power dependence of the refractive index variations of BST/PZT photonic crystals at 0.5 THz annealed at different temperatures. (c) UV-Vis absorption spectra of substrate (Si), substrate with electrode, BST, PZT monolayer, and BST/PZT photonic crystals annealed at different temperatures.
    Frequency dependence of the (a) real part and (b) imaginary part of dielectric permittivity of four samples annealed at different temperatures with 0 mW (spheres) and 400 mW optical pump power (stars). The data points are experimental values, and the solid lines are the fits by Eq. (2). (c) Raman spectra of four samples annealed at different temperatures. Pump power dependence of (d) dielectric permittivity and (e) loss tangent of four samples at 0.5 THz. (f) D–E loops of BST/PZT photonic crystals annealed at different temperatures measured at the electric field of 5000 kV/cm.
    Schematic diagrams of multi-field modulation processes of 680°C annealed sample: (a) pumped by static 532 nm optical field with dynamic electric field bias and (c) transmission modulation; (b) pumped by dynamic 532 nm optical field with static electric field bias and (d) transmission modulation; e,h,Pe, and Eo (including Eo1,Eo2) representing electrons, holes, electric field induced polarization, and built-in electric field induced by photo-generated carriers. Transmission modulation of 680°C annealed sample: (e) pumped by static 1064 nm optical field with dynamic electric field bias and (f) pumped by dynamic 1064 nm optical field with static electric field bias.
    • Table 1. Film Crystallinity, Lattice Parameter, and Grain Size of Four Samples Annealed at 620°C, 650°C, 680°C, and 780°C

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      Table 1. Film Crystallinity, Lattice Parameter, and Grain Size of Four Samples Annealed at 620°C, 650°C, 680°C, and 780°C

      Annealing Temperature (°C)CrystallinityLattice Parameter (Å)Average Grain Size (nm)
      BST+PZTBSTPZTBST/PZT
      62082.8%3.9614.04221
      65086.9%3.9734.05152
      68089.6%3.9854.06685
      70090.2%3.9924.071100
    • Table 2. Summary of Evaluated SM Parameters of BST/PZT Photonic Crystals with Different Annealing Temperaturesa

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      Table 2. Summary of Evaluated SM Parameters of BST/PZT Photonic Crystals with Different Annealing Temperaturesa

      Pump Power (mW)BST/PZT (620°C)BST/PZT (650°C)BST/PZT (680°C)BST/PZT (700°C)
      fωsΓfωsΓfωsΓfωsΓ
      04.474.37.55.472.612.56.870.919.77.768.524.7
      805.474.69.66.972.919.68.871.323.69.769.125.6
      1605.976.015.37.776.933.110.372.347.111.370.441.1
      2406.876.920.68.678.139.411.775.560.612.675.152.5
      3208.178.825.610.580.345.114.278.570.515.178.463.5
      4009.682.031.512.981.352.417.279.285.418.179.383.4
      For CM, γ is 2.12.6, δ is 5760, g is 5000.
    • Table 3. Lowest-Frequency E(1TO) Phonon of BST/PZT Photonic Crystals with Different Annealing Temperatures in Fig. 3(c) Raman Spectra

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      Table 3. Lowest-Frequency E(1TO) Phonon of BST/PZT Photonic Crystals with Different Annealing Temperatures in Fig. 3(c) Raman Spectra

      Annealing Temperature (°C)620650680700
      E(1TO) Frequency (cm1)74.1772.4470.7368.99
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    Ying Zeng, Weijun Wang, Furi Ling, Jianquan Yao. Terahertz wave modulation properties of thermally processed BST/PZT ferroelectric photonic crystals[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(6): 1002

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optical and Photonic Materials

    Received: Sep. 25, 2019

    Accepted: Apr. 8, 2020

    Published Online: Jun. 1, 2020

    The Author Email: Furi Ling (lingfuri@163.com)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.377930

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