[1] Y WENG, S XU, G HUANG et al. Synthesis. Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_(1-x)Mg_x]O₂ prepared from spent lithium ion batteries. Jounral of Hazard Materials, 247, 163-172(2013).

[2] T KIM, W SONG, Y SON D. Lithium-ion batteries: outlook on present, future, and hybridized technologies. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 2942-2964(2019).

[3] M ARMAND, M TARASCON J. Building better batteries. Nature, 451, 652-657(2008).

[4] H ZHANG, H ZHAO, A KHAN M. Recent progress in advanced electrode materials, separators and electrolytes for lithium batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6, 20564-20620(2018).

[5] B GOODENOUGH J, S PARK K. The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135, 1167-1176(2013).

[6] L H SUO L,. The past, present and future of lithium ion batteries. Physics, 49, 17-23(2020).

[7] W LI, R DAHN J, S WAINWRIGHT D. Rechargeable lithium batteries with aqueous electrolytes. Science, 264, 1115-1118(1994).

[8] D ZHOU. A New Anode Material of Na₂V₆O₁₆ Nanowires for Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium Battery.. Changsha: Central South University, Master Dissertation(2013).

[9] W LI, R D J. MCKINNON W R,. Lithium intercalation from aqueous solutions. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 141, 2310-2316(1994).

[10] W TANG, Y ZHU, Y HOU. Aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries as an energy storage system of superfast charging. Energy & Environmental Science, 6, 2093-2104(2013).

[11] R DEMIR-CAKAN, R PALACIN M, L CROGUENNEC. Rechargeable aqueous electrolyte batteries: from univalent to multivalent cation chemistry. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 20519-20539(2019).

[12] Y LUO J, J CUI W, P HE. Raising the cycling stability of aqueous lithium-ion batteries by eliminating oxygen in the electrolyte. Nature Chemistry, 2, 760-765(2010).

[13] Z LIU, Y HUANG, Y HUANG. Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Chemical Society Review, 49, 180-232(2020).

[14] W LIU, B WANG, L LI. Recent progress in electrode materials for aqueous lithium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 3, 9-20(2014).

[15] A AATIQ, M MENETRIER, L CROGUENNEC. On the structure of Li₃Ti₂(PO₄)₃. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 12, 2971-2978(2002).

[16] M GIAROLA, A SANSON, F TIETZ. Structure and vibrational dynamics of nasicon-type LiTi₂(PO₄)₃. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121, 3697-3706(2017).

[17] H EL-SHINAWI, J JANEK. Low-temperature synthesis of macroporous LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C with superior lithium storage properties. RSC Advances, 5, 14887-14891(2015).

[18] A GUTIERREZ, A BENEDEK N, A MANTHIRAM. Crystal- chemical guide for understanding redox energy variations of M ²+/ ³+ couples in polyanion cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 25, 4010-4016(2013).

[19] C DELMAS, A NADIRI, J SOUBEYROUX L. The nasicon-type titatium phosphates ATi₂(PO₄)₃(A=Li, Na) as electrode materials. Solid State Ionics, 28-30, 419-423(1988).

[20] H WANG, K HUANG, Y ZENG. Electrochemical properties of TiP₂O₇ and LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ as anode material for lithium ion battery with aqueous solution electrolyte. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 3280-3285(2007).

[21] Z JIANG, Y LI, C HAN. K doping on Li site enables LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C excellent lithium storage performance. Solid State Ionics, 341, 115036(2019).

[22] S YU, H TEMPEL, R SCHIERHOLZ. LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C anode material with a spindle-like morphology for batteries with high rate capability and improved cycle life. ChemElectroChem, 3, 1157-1169(2016).

[23] J SUN, Y SUN, L GAI. Carbon-coated mesoporous LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ nanocrystals with superior performance for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 200, 66-74(2016).

[24] L LIU, T SONG, H HAN. Electrospun Sn-doped LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C nanofibers for ultra-fast charging and discharging. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3, 10395-10402(2015).

[25] X WANG G, H BRADHURST D, X DOU S. LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ with NASICON-type structure as lithium-storage materials. Journal of Power Sources, 124, 231-236(2003).

[26] W,R. D J LI. Lithium-ion cells with aqueous electrolytes. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 142, 1742-1746(1995).

[27] J KOHLER, H MAKIHARA, H UEGAITO. LiV₃O₈: characterization as anode material for an aqueous rechargeable Li-ion battery system. Electrochim. Acta, 46, 59-65(2000).

[28] W ZHENG. Solid-state Synthesis and Surface Modification of LiFePO₄ and LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ for Lithium Ion Electrode Materials.. Zhengjiang: Zhengjiang University,Doctoral Dissertation(2010).

[29] C FENG, L LI, J TANG. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of a new type of anode material LiTi₂(PO₄)₃. Power Technology, 39, 242-244(2015).

[30] W LI, Y LI, M CAO. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of alginic acid-based carbon-coated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ composite by rheological phase method. Acta Phys-ChimSin, 33, 2261-2267(2017).

[31] Y LUO J, Y XIA Y. Aqueous lithium-ion battery LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/LiMn₂O₄ with high power and energy densities as well as superior cycling stability. Advanced Functional Materials, 17, 3877-3884(2007).

[32] K TANG Z, F XUE Y, G TEOBALDI. The oxygen vacancy in Li-ion battery cathode materials. Nanoscale Horizons, 5, 1453-1466(2020).

[33] Y LUO J, J CHEN L, J ZHAO Y. The effect of oxygen vacancies on the structure and electrochemistry of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ for lithium-ion batteries: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Journal of Power Sources, 194, 1075-1080(2009).

[34] C CHENG. Study of Anode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries.. Changsha: Xiangtan University, Master Dissertation(2010).

[35] R MARIAPPAN C, C GALVEN, P CROSNIER-LOPEZ M. Synthesis of nanostructured LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ powder by a Pechini-type polymerizable complex method. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 179, 450-456(2006).

[36] C WESSELLS, A HUGGINS R, Y CUI. Recent results on aqueous electrolyte cells. Journal of Power Sources, 196, 2884-2888(2011).

[37] L ZHOU X, G YAN Z, Y LI S. Single crystalline LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ nanowires by porous template with improved electrochemical performance. Materials Today Energy, 7, 113-121(2018).

[38] X ZHOU. Lithium Titanium Phosphate and Carbon/copper Composite Electrode Materials: Controlled Preparation, Structural Study and Electrochemical Performance. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, Doctoral Dissertation(2014).

[39] D ZHOU, J LI, C CHEN. A hydrothermal synthesis of Ru-doped LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ cathode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance. RSC Advances, 11, 12549-12558(2021).

[40] Y SONG, B XIE, S SONG. Regeneration of LiFePO₄ from spent lithium-ion batteries via a facile process featuring acid leaching and hydrothermal synthesis. Green Chemistry, 23, 3963-3971(2021).

[41] J WANG, X QIN, J GUO. A porous hierarchical micro/nano LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode material for Li-ion batteries synthesized by a urea-assisted hydrothermal method. Dalton Transactions, 47, 7333-7343(2018).

[42] X QIN, M ZHOU, B ZONG. Urea-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of a hollow hierarchical LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode material with tunable morphology characteristics. RSC Advances, 8, 30087-30097(2018).

[43] Y YUE, W PANG. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 9, 1392(1990).

[44] Y LIANG, T HISAMO, S SUMI. Direct fabrication of thin-film LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ electrodes using the hydrothermal method. Solid State Ionics, 296, 7-12(2016).

[45] M LI, L LIU, N ZHANG. Mesoporous LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C composite with trace amount of carbon as high-performance electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 749, 1019-1027(2018).

[46] P HOU, H ZHANG, Z ZI. Core-shell and concentration- gradient cathodes prepared via co-precipitation reaction for advanced lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5, 4254-4279(2017).

[47] H LI, Z LI, Y CUI. Long-cycled Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/TiO₂ composite anode material synthesized via a one-pot co-precipitation method for lithium ion batteries. New Journal of Chemistry, 41, 975-981(2017).

[50] M OGHBAEI, O MIRZAEE. Microwave versus conventional sintering: a review of fundamentals, advantages and applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 494, 175-189(2010).

[51] G RIQUET, S MARINEL, Y BREARD. Direct and hybrid microwave solid state synthesis of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ ceramic: microstructures and dielectric properties. Ceramics International, 44, 15228-15235(2018).

[52] M ZHANG, N GARCIA-ARAEZ, L HECTOR A. Understanding and development of olivine LiCoPO₄ cathode materials for lithium- ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6, 14483-14517(2018).

[53] J LUDWIG, D NORDLUND, M DOEFF M. Synthesis and characterization of metastable, 20 nm-sized Pna2₁-LiCoPO₄ nanospheres. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 248, 9-17(2017).

[54] X GUO, X JIA, H HU. Synthesis of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ ultrafine powder by Sol-Gel and microwave heating method. Materials Reports, 21, 68-71(2007).

[55] J HU, W HUANG, L YANG. Structure and performance of the LiFePO₄ cathode material: from the bulk to the surface. Nanoscale, 12, 15036-15044(2020).

[56] C YANG, J LEE D, H KIM. Synthesis of nano-sized urchin-shaped LiFePO₄ for lithium ion batteries. RSC Advances, 9, 13714-13721(2019).

[57] J XIANG, P ZHANG, S LV. Spinel LiMn₂O₄ nanoparticles fabricated by the flexible soft template/Pichini method as cathode materials for aqueous lithium-ion capacitors with high energy and power density. RSC Advances, 11, 14891-14898(2021).

[58] J JO, S NAM, S HAN. One-pot pyro synthesis of a nanosized-LiMn₂O₄/C cathode with enhanced lithium storage properties. RSC Advances, 9, 24030-24038(2019).

[59] W QI, G SHAPTER J, Q WU. Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5, 19521-19540(2017).

[60] L TIAN, H YU, W ZHANG. The star material of lithium ion batteries, LiFePO₄: basic properties, optimize moderation and future prospects. Materials Reports, 33, 3561-3579(2019).

[61] W DENG, X WANG, C LIU. Touching the theoretical capacity: synthesizing cubic LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C nanocomposites for high-performance lithium-ion battery. Nanoscale, 10, 6282-6287(2018).

[62] Y WU, S CHONG, Y LIU. High electrochemical performance of nanocrystallized carbon-coated LiFePO₄ modified by tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. RSC Advances, 8, 28978-28986(2018).

[63] Y WANG, X WANG, A JIANG. A versatile nitrogen-doped carbon coating strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 810, 151889(2019).

[64] D PARK G, H HONG J, S JUNG D. Unique structured microspheres with multishells comprising graphitic carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ hollow nanopowders as anode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 15766-15773(2019).

[65] J KU D, H LEE J, J LEE S. Effects of carbon coating on LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode material for lithium ion batteries using an atmospheric microwave plasma torch. Surface and Coatings Technology, 376, 25-30(2019).

[66] W SUN, J LIU, X LIU. Bimolecular-induced hierarchical nanoporous LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C with superior high-rate and cycling performance. Chemical Communications, 53, 8703-8706(2017).

[67] Y TAN, B XUE. Research progress on lithium titanate as anode material in lithium-ion battery. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 33, 475-482(2018).

[68] H LI, H ZHOU. Enhancing the performances of Li-ion batteries by carbon-coating: present and future. Chemical Communications, 48, 1201-1217(2012).

[69] J YE, C LI, M RAO. Effects of different carbon solutions on electrochemical performance of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C composite anode material. Power Technology, 44, 322-325(2020).

[70] S LUO, Y TIAN, Z TANG. Effect of the structure of pyrolytic carbon on the performance of LiFePO₄/C composite cathode material. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 38, 13-15(2009).

[71] Y CHEN, H HE, L LIU. Thermal decomposition of glucose and sucrose by kinetics analysis. The Chinese Joumal of Process Engineering, 10, 720-725(2010).

[72] C ZHANG, Y WEN, P ZHANG. Effect of organic carbon source on performance of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C composite electrodes in aqueous solutions. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 41, 1352-1361(2020).

[73] L LIN, Z CONG, J CAO. Multifunctional Fe₃O₄@Polydopamine core-shell nanocomposites for intracellular mRNA detection and imaging-guided photothermal therapy. ACS Nano, 8, 3876-3883(2014).

[74] Z HE, Y JIANG, W MENG. Advanced LiTi₂(PO₄)₃@N-doped carbon anode for aqueous lithium ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 222, 1491-1500(2016).

[75] D SUN, Y TANG, K HE. Long-lived aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries using mesoporous LiTi₂( PO₄)₃@Canode. Scientific Reports, 5, 17452(2015).

[76] T XU, M ZHAO, Z SU. Nanostructured LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ anode with superior lithium and sodium storage capability aqueous electrolytes. Journal of Power Sources, 481, 229110(2021).

[77] K ROH H, K KIM H, C ROH K. LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. RSC Advances, 4, 31672-31677(2014).

[78] H LIM C, G KANNAN A, W LEE H. A high power density electrode with ultralow carbon via direct growth of particles on graphene sheets. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 6183-6190(2013).

[79] H WANG, Y YANG, Y LIANG. LiMn₁-_xFe_xPO₄ nanorods grown on graphene sheets for ultrahigh-rate-performance lithium ion batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 7364-7368(2011).

[80] Z ZHOU, W LUO, H HUANG. LiTi₂(PO₄)₃@carbon/ graphene hybrid as superior anode materials for aqueous lithium ion batteries. Ceramics International, 43, 99-105(2017).

[81] M ZHOU, L LIU, L YI. Synthesis of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃-acetylene black nanocomposites for lithium ion batteries by the polyvinyl alcohol assisted Sol-Gel method and ball-milling. Journal of Power Sources, 234, 292-301(2013).

[82] L LIU, M ZHOU, G WANG. Synthesis and characterization of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C nanocomposite as lithium intercalation electrode materials. Electrochimica Acta, 70, 136-141(2012).

[83] M WENG G, Y SIMON TAM L, C LU Y. High-performance LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ anodes for high-areal-capacity flexible aqueous lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5, 11764-11771(2017).

[84] Z HE, Y JIANG, J ZHU. N-doped carbon coated LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ as superior anode using PANi as carbon and nitrogen bi-sources for aqueous lithium ion battery. Electrochimica Acta, 279, 279-288(2018).

[85] Z ZHOU, A XIANG, M XIA. Advanced LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ anode with high performance for aqueous rechargeable lithium battery. Ceramics International, 44, 21599-21606(2018).

[86] M YE J, M LI C. Synthesis of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃@carbon anode material with superior performance using beta-cyclodextrin as carbon sources. Ionics, 26, 2845-2853(2020).

[87] N BOUNAR, A BENABBAS, P ROPA. Synthesis and ionic conductivity of nasicon-structured LiTi_2xSn_x(PO₄)₃ anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 3, 241-249(2017).

[88] Z HE, Y JIANG, J ZHU. Boosting the performance of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C anode for aqueous lithium ion battery by Sn doping on Ti sites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 731, 32-38(2018).

[89] N LIU, Z HE, X ZHANG. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Na-doped LiTi₂(PO₄)₃@carbon composite as anode for aqueous lithium ion batteries. Ceramics International, 43, 11481-11487(2017).

[90] H WANG, H ZHANG, Y CHENG. Rational design and synthesis of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃-_xF_x anode materials for high-performance aqueous lithium ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 5, 593-599(2017).

[92] H LUO, Y TANG, Z XIANG. Cl-doping strategy to boost the lithium storage performance of lithium titanium phosphate. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, 349(2020).

[93] Z JIANG, H LI Y, C HAN. Endowing LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C with excellent electrochemical performances through rational crystal doping. Ceramics International, 45, 23406-23410(2019).