Journal of Inorganic Materials, Volume. 37, Issue 5, 481(2022)
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![Schematical illustration of the fabrication process of lithium titranium phosphate nanowires (LTPNMs)[38]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
3. Schematical illustration of the fabrication process of lithium titranium phosphate nanowires (LTPNMs)[38]
4. Schematic diagram of electrospinning (a), comparison of rate performance between LiTi2(PO4)3 fibers and particles (b)[24]
5. Comparison chart of rate performance of four coated carbon sources
6. Discharge capacity for successive cycling at different current densities (a), long-term cycling behavior at current densities of 4 and 6 A·g-1 (b) of LiTi2(PO4)3/C and LiTi1.8Sn0.2(PO4)3/C[24]
Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of aqeuous and organic lithium-ion batteries[8]
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Comparison of the characteristics of aqeuous and organic lithium-ion batteries[8]
Type Operating voltage/V Safety Electrolyte Solvent Cost Organic Li-ion battery 3.6-4.2 Low LiPF6, LiAsF6, etc EC, DMC, DEC, etc High Aqeuous Li-ion battery 1.5-2.0 High Li2SO4, LiNO3, etc H2O Moderate
Table 2. Parameters of some anode materials for aqeuous lithium-ion battery[14]
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Parameters of some anode materials for aqeuous lithium-ion battery[14]
Anode material Specific capacity/ (mAh·g-1) Potential/ V(vs. Li+/Li) Potential/ V(vs. NHE) Features LiTi2(PO4)3 138 2.5 -0.5 Moderate specific capacity, stable framework TiP2O7 121 2.6 -0.4 Low specific capacity, high Li-intercalation potential VO2 250 2.6 -0.4 High specific capacity, poor cycling performance LiV3O8 250 2.6 -0.4 Fragile during cycling
Table 3. Comparison of common synthetic methods of LiTi2(PO4)3
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Comparison of common synthetic methods of LiTi2(PO4)3
Method Starting materials Product characteristic Features Ref. Li source Ti source P source Morphology Solid state LiH2PO4 TiO2 NH4H2PO4 Irregular particles Long calcination time, high temperature [ 20 ]Sol-Gel CH3COOLi Ti(C4H9O)4 H3PO4 Particles Short calcination time, low temperature [ 21 ]Hydrothermal synthesis CH3COOLi Ti(C4H9O)4 NH4H2PO4 Regular particles Regular particle morphology, great crystallinity [ 22 ]Co-precipitation method LiOH Ti(C4H9O)4 H3PO4 Particles Requiring precise control [ 23 ]Electrospinning CH3COOLi Ti(C4H9O)4 NH4H2PO4 Fiber Ideal electrochemical performance, difficult industrialization [ 24 ]
Table 4. Comparison of electrochemical performance of different carbon sources and coating methods by Sol-Gel
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Comparison of electrochemical performance of different carbon sources and coating methods by Sol-Gel
Calcination parameter Coating method Carbon source Weight percentage of carbon/% Current density/(mA·g-1) Specific capacity (cycles)/(mAh·g-1) Capacity retention/% Ref. 800 ℃-12 h In-situ Citric acid 6.2 138 106.1(1)-89(1300) 84 [36] 900 ℃-12 h Ex-situ Toluene 12 700 100(1)-83(200) 83 [31] 800 ℃-12 h Ex-situ Acetylene Black 18 140 106.3(1)-86.5(100) 81 [81] 850 ℃-12 h Ex-situ Acetylene Black - 1400 91.3(1)-74.4(100) 81 [82] 700 ℃-12 h In-situ Pitch 17.5 1380 107(1)-75.5(1000) 70 [83] 550 ℃-24 h In-situ Sucrose 3.5 1400 110(1)-104(800) 94 [17] 750 ℃-5 h In-situ Polyaniline 5.9 276 115.2(1)-94.6(1000) 82 [84] 750 ℃-5 h In-situ Polyacrylonitrile 5.9 690 95(1)-82.1(1000) 86 [85] 900 ℃-12 h In-situ Graphene oxide 1.79 ~1380 110(1)-100(100) 91 [78] 800 ℃-10 h In-situ Graphene oxide - ~276 105(1)-97.86(100) 93.2 [77] 700 ℃-5 h In-situ Graphene oxide, phenolic resin 16.2 ~690 101.1(1)-78(1000) 77.2 [80] 800 ℃-8 h Ex-situ β-Cyclodextrin 3.13 ~690 120(1)-(200)111.3 88.7 [86]
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Yutong WANG, Feifan ZHANG, Naicai XU, Chunxia WANG, Lishan CUI, Guoyong HUANG.
Paper Information
Category: REVIEW
Received: Aug. 13, 2021
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jan. 10, 2023
The Author Email: HUANG Guoyong (huanggy@cup.edu.cn)
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