Applications of Laser Surface Treatment Technologies in Petroleum Machinery

Fig. 2. Microstructures. (a) Laser hardened microstructure; (b) metallographic microstructure in laser hardened region; (c) boundary microstructure in laser hardened region; (d) metallographic phase in matrix microstructure

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Fig. 3. Schematic of laser cladding process[44]

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Fig. 4. Abrasion loss of laser cladding layer and 20CrMo matrix

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Fig. 5. Relationship between Mo content and hardness of alloyed layer

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Fig. 6. Schematic of laser shock[54]

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Fig. 7. Influence of 45# steel surface texture on friction factor (52HRC)[36]

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Fig. 8. Influences of laser parameters on pit diameter and depth. (a) Number; (b) speed; (c) power; (d) frequency

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Table 1. Applications of laser surface treatment in petroleum machinery

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Table 1. Applications of laser surface treatment in petroleum machinery

Machinepart	Technology	Material	Laser	Power /kW	Speed /(mm·s^-1)	Pre-processinghardness	Post-processinghardness	Improvedperformance	Year
Hot rolledsteel	Lasercleaning	Q235	Nd∶YAG	0.05-0.60			HRC16	Oxide layereffectivelyremoved	2017^[16]
	Lasercladding ofCu-Mnalloys	45	CO₂					Nano porouscoatingsuccessfullyprepared	2011^[17]
Pipe	Laserquenching	37CrMnMo		2	1200	HRC34	HRC60	Wearresistance/Hardeningdepth	2015^[19]
Bearing	Laserquenching	18CrNiMo	CO₂	1.1	55	HRC11	HRC65	Hardness/Wear resistance	2016^[20]
Mudpumpliner	Laserquenching	high-chromiumiron	CO₂	2.5	17	HRC47-52	HRC107	Wearresistance/Service life	2017^[21]
Gear	Laserquenching	20CrMnTi	CO₂	0.15	16	HRC52	HRC62	Wearresistance/Corrosionresistance	2017^[22]
Oilpump	Laserquenching/nitriding	35CrMoA	CO₂	2	33	HRC32	HRC67	Hardness/Wearresistance	2010^[23]
	Laserfusion/quenching	42CrMo	Fiber	1.5	3.3	HRC31	HRC59	Hardness	2011^[24]
Bentaxle	Lasercladding ofFe base alloy	45	CO₂	4	8.3	HRC15	HRC53	Hardness	2014^[25]
	Laserquenching/nitriding	30CrMnSi	CO₂	1		HRC30	HRC62	Hardness/Thickness	2015^[26]
Blowerrotor	Lasercladding ofNi basepowder	40Cr	CO₂	2			HRC25	Recovered	2011^[27]
Waterpumpplunger	Lasercladding ofNi basepowder	45		1.2	5	HRC45	HRC53	Servicelife/Cost	2017^[28]
Steamturbinecylinder	Lasercladding ofCo basepowder	25		1.2	11.6			Repaired	2017^[29]
	Lasercladding ofCaF₂/Nipowder	Q235A	Fiber	2.2	2.6	HRC13	HRC66	Hardness	2017^[30]
N80tubing	Laseralloying ofalloypowder		CO₂	2.8~3.1	11.6	HRC24	HRC55	Hardness/Corrosionresistance	2017^[31]
Screw	Lasernanoalloying	40Cr	CO₂	2~2.5	3.3~6.6	HRC25	HRC62	Hardness/Service life	2007^[32]
Turbineblade	Laseralloying ofalloypowder	2Cr13	CO₂		3.3~6.6	HRC25	HRC60	Hardness	2007^[33]
Weldedjoint ofX80pipeline	Lasershockpeening	X80	Nd∶YAG					Fatiguestrength	2014^[34]
Dry gasseal ring	Laserablation	SiC/SiNi	Fiber					Flexibleprocessing	2013^[35]
	Lasersurfacetexture	45	Fiber					Hardness/Wearresistance	2017^[36]

Table 2. Comparison between laser quenching and other common surface quenching methods

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Table 2. Comparison between laser quenching and other common surface quenching methods

Quenchingmethod	Hardenedlayerhardness	Hardenedlayer wearresistance	Hardenedlayer fatigueresistance	Productionefficiency	Controllability	Processingcost	Deformation
Laserquenching	Higher	Better	Better	High	Higher	High	Smaller
Inductionhardening	High	Good	Good	Higher	High	Moderate	Small
Flamehardening	Lower	Good	Good	Low	Lower	Lower	Large
Plasmaquenching	Higher	Better	Good	High	Lower	Moderate	Smaller
Carburizing andquenching	High	Good	Good	High	Higher	Moderate	Smaller
Nitriding andquenching	Higher	General	General	Lower	Higher	High	Smaller
Carbonitriding	Higher	Better	Better	Lower	High	High	Smaller

Table 3. Detection and comparison of dimensional limit deviations of ?73.02 mm N80 tubing before and after laser quenching[40]

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Table 3. Detection and comparison of dimensional limit deviations of ?73.02 mm N80 tubing before and after laser quenching[40]

SampleNo.	Name ofartifact	Testitem	API standardtolerance	Laser pre-quenchingtolerance	Appearance	Laserhardeningtolerance	Appearance
2RY	Collarinternalthread	Tightness /mm	4.85±3.81	5.68	Qualified	5.72	Qualified
		Pitch deviation /(mm/25.4 mm)	±0.076	-0.02	Qualified	-0.02	Qualified
		Taper /(mm·mm^-1)	62.5+5.208or 62.5-2.6	63.0	Qualified	63.0	Qualified
		Depthdeviation /mm	+0.050 or-0.102	-0.02	Qualified	-0.02	Qualified
2RYA	Pipeoutsidethread	Tightness /mm	±3.81	0.80	Qualified	0.84	Qualified
		Pitch deviation /(mm/25.4 mm)	±0.076	-0.013	Qualified	-0.013	Qualified
		Taper /(mm·mm^-1)	62.5+5.208or 62.5-2.6	63.5	Qualified	63.5	Qualified
		Depthdeviation /mm	+0.050 or-0.102	-0.02	Qualified	-0.02	Qualified

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Junyuan Huang, Zejun Shen, Lixin Zhang, Songbo Wei, Yingying Yang, Shijia Zhu, Jie Qian, Lin Chen. Applications of Laser Surface Treatment Technologies in Petroleum Machinery[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(6): 060005

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Paper Information

Category: Reviews

Received: Aug. 22, 2018

Accepted: Oct. 10, 2018

Published Online: Jul. 30, 2019

The Author Email: Shen Zejun (zjshen@petrochina.com.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP56.060005

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology