Fig. 1. Design of Rayleigh Doppler wind measurement lidar system. (a) Optical design of system; (b) principle of transmitting optical path channel switching in time-division multiplexing; (c) timing control of transmitting optical path channel switching in time-division multiplexing

Fig. 2. Components of seed source direct amplification laser. (a) Frequency-stabilized seed laser unit; (b) solid-state power amplifier unit

Fig. 3. Principle of single-edge Doppler frequency detection of iodine molecular absorption spectral lines

Fig. 4. Response of iodine cell discriminator in measurement range. (a) Relative transmittance; (b) sensitivity

Fig. 5. Simulation atmospheric model. (a) Backscatter coefficient profile; (b) extinction coefficient profile

Fig. 6. Simulation of atmospheric echo signal of single pulse laser. (a) Photon count rate; (b) signal-to-noise ratio

Fig. 7. Simulation of system measurement error under different integration times. (a) Atmospheric temperature; (b) horizontal wind speed in meridional and zonal directions

Fig. 8. Measurement time series result of atmospheric temperature and meridional/zonal horizontal wind speed and measurement uncertainty profile on October 15, 2022. (a) Atmospheric temperature; (b) meridional horizontal wind; (c) zonal horizontal wind

Fig. 9. Laser atmospheric echo measured at 00:07 on October16, 2022. (a) Photon count rate; (b) signal-to-noise ratio

Fig. 10. Comparison and deviation among observation results, atmospheric models and satellite products on October 15, 2022. (a) Profiles of atmospheric model, satellite and observation; (b) deviation profile