[1] Yu N, Capasso F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces[J]. Nat Mater, 13, 139-150(2014).

[2] Chen H T, Taylor A J, Yu N. A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications[J]. Rep Prog Phys, 79, 076401(2016).

[3] Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R. Controlling electromagnetic fields[J]. Science, 312, 1780-1782(2006).

[4] Leonhardt U. Optical conformal mapping[J]. Science, 312, 1777-1780(2006).

[5] Valentine J, Zhang S, Zentgraf T. Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index[J]. Nature, 455, 376-379(2008).

[6] Smith D R, Pendry J B, Wiltshire M C. Metamaterials and negative refractive index[J]. Science, 305, 788-792(2004).

[7] Pendry J B. Negative refraction makes a perfect lens[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 85, 3966(2000).

[8] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C. Sub–diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens[J]. Science, 308, 534-537(2005).

[9] Chen X, Huang L, Muhlenbernd H. Dual-polarity plasmonic metalens for visible light[J]. Nat Commun, 3, 1198(2012).

[10] Arbabi E, Arbabi A, Kamali S M. MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens[J]. Nat Commun, 9, 812(2018).

[11] Khorasaninejad M, Aieta F, Kanhaiya P. Achromatic metasurface lens at telecommunication wavelengths[J]. Nano Lett, 15, 5358-5362(2015).

[12] Deng Z L, Li G X. Metasurface optical holography[J]. Materials Today Physics, 3, 16-32(2017).

[13] Zheng G, Muhlenbernd H, Kenney M. Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 10, 308-312(2015).

[14] Ni X, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M. Metasurface holograms for visible light[J]. Nature Communications, 4, 1-6(2013).

[15] Yu N, Aieta F, Genevet P. A broadband, background-free quarter-wave plate based on plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 12, 6328-6333(2012).

[16] Ding F, Wang Z, He S. Broadband high-efficiency half-wave plate: a supercell-based plasmonic metasurface approach[J]. ACS Nano, 9, 4111-4119(2015).

[17] Liu Z C, Li Z C, Liu Z. Single-layer plasmonic metasurface half-wave plates with wavelength-independent polarization conversion angle[J]. ACS Photonics, 4, 2061-2069(2017).

[18] Yue F Y, Wen D D, Xin J T. Vector vortex beam generation with a single plasmonic metasurface[J]. ACS Photonics, 3, 1558-1563(2016).

[19] Yi X, Ling X, Zhang Z. Generation of cylindrical vector vortex beams by two cascaded metasurfaces[J]. Opt Express, 22, 17207-17215(2014).

[20] Keshavarz Hedayati M, Elbahri M. Review of metasurface plasmonic structural color[J]. Plasmonics, 12, 1463-1479(2016).

[21] Song M W, Li X, Pu M B. Color display and encryption with a plasmonic polarizing metamirror[J]. Nanophotonics, 7, 323-331(2018).

[22] Yang W, Xiao S, Song Q. All-dielectric metasurface for high-performance structural color[J]. Nat Commun, 11, 1864(2020).

[23] Khorasaninejad M, Zhu W, Crozier K B. Efficient polarization beam splitter pixels based on a dielectric metasurface[J]. Optica, 2, 376-382(2015).

[24] Cai T, Wang G M, Zhang X F. Ultra-thin polarization beam splitter using 2-D transmissive phase gradient metasurface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 63, 5629-5636(2015).

[25] Xie Y Y, Ni P N, Wang Q H. Metasurface-integrated vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for programmable directional lasing emissions[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 15, 125-130(2020).

[26] Xu L Y, Curwen C A, Hon P W C. Metasurface external cavity laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 107, 221105(2015).

[27] Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science, 334, 333-337(2011).

[28] Kats M A, Genevet P, Aoust G. Giant birefringence in optical antenna arrays with widely tailorable optical anisotropy[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 12364-12368(2012).

[29] Sun S, Yang K Y, Wang C M. High-efficiency broadband anomalous reflection by gradient meta-surfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 12, 6223-6229(2012).

[30] Huang L L, Chen X Z, Muhlenbernd H. Three-dimensional optical holography using a plasmonic metasurface[J]. Nature Communications, 4, 2808(2013).

[31] Arbabi A, Arbabi E, Horie Y. Planar metasurface retroreflector[J]. Nature Photonics, 11, 415(2017).

[32] Deng Z L, Deng J, Zhuang X. Facile metagrating holograms with broadband and extreme angle tolerance[J]. Light Sci Appl, 7, 78(2018).

[33] Li J X, Yu P, Tang C C. Bidirectional perfect absorber using free substrate plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 5, 1700152(2017).

[34] Deng Z L, Yogesh N, Chen X D. Full controlling of Fano resonances in metal-slit superlattice[J]. Sci Rep, 5, 18461(2015).

[35] Marinica D C, Borisov A G, Shabanov S V. Bound states in the continuum in photonics[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 100, 183902(2008).

[36] Huang K, Liu H, Garcia-Vidal F J. Ultrahigh-capacity non-periodic photon sieves operating in visible light[J]. Nat Commun, 6, 7059(2015).

[37] Yue F, Zhang C, Zang X F. High-resolution grayscale image hidden in a laser beam[J]. Light Sci Appl, 7, 17129(2018).

[38] Wang L, Kruk S, Tang H Z. Grayscale transparent metasurface holograms[J]. Optica, 3, 1504-1505(2016).

[39] Gerchberg R W, Saxton W O. A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures[J]. Optik, 35, 237-246(1972).

[40] Zhao R Z, Huang L L, Tang C C. Nanoscale polarization manipulation and encryption based on dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 6, 1800490(2018).

[41] Intaravanne Y, Chen X Z. Recent advances in optical metasurfaces for polarization detection and engineered polarization profiles[J]. Nanophotonics, 9, 1003-1014(2020).

[42] Liu Y, Ling X, Yi X. Realization of polarization evolution on higher-order Poincaré sphere with metasurface[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 104, 191110(2014).

[43] Zhang C, Wen D, Yue F. Optical metasurface generated vector beam for anticounterfeiting[J]. Physical Review Applied, 10, 034028(2018).

[44] Deng J, Deng L, Guan Z. Multiplexed anticounterfeiting meta-image displays with single-sized nanostructures[J]. Nano Lett, 20, 1830-1838(2020).

[45] Zhang C, Dong F, Intaravanne Y. Multichannel metasurfaces for anticounterfeiting[J]. Physical Review Applied, 12, 034028(2019).

[46] Dong F, Chu W. Multichannel-independent information encoding with optical metasurfaces[J]. Adv Mater, 31, e1804921(2019).

[47] Mühlenbernd H, Georgi P, Pholchai N. Amplitude- and phase-controlled surface plasmon polariton excitation with metasurfaces[J]. ACS Photonics, 3, 124-129(2016).

[48] Chizari A, Abdollahramezani S, Jamali M V. Analog optical computing based on a dielectric meta-reflect array[J]. Opt Lett, 41, 3451-3454(2016).

[49] Babashah H, Kavehvash Z, Koohi S. Integration in analog optical computing using metasurfaces revisited: toward ideal optical integration[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 34, 1270-1279(2017).

[50] Lee G Y, Yoon G, Lee S Y. Complete amplitude and phase control of light using broadband holographic metasurfaces[J]. Nanoscale, 10, 4237-4245(2018).

[51] Liu L, Zhang X, Kenney M. Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude[J]. Adv Mater, 26, 5031-5036(2014).

[52] Wang Q, Zhang X, Xu Y. Broadband metasurface holograms: toward complete phase and amplitude engineering[J]. Sci Rep, 6, 32867(2016).

[53] Overvig A C, Shrestha S, Malek S C. Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase[J]. Light Sci Appl, 8, 92(2019).

[54] Chen S, Zeuner F, Weismann M. Giant nonlinear optical activity of achiral origin in planar metasurfaces with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities[J]. Adv Mater, 28, 2992-2999(2016).

[55] Zang X, Dong F, Yue F. Polarization encoded color image embedded in a dielectric metasurface[J]. Adv Mater, 30, e1707499(2018).

[56] Duempelmann L, Luu-Dinh A, Gallinet B. Four-fold color filter based on plasmonic phase retarder[J]. ACS Photonics, 3, 190-196(2015).

[57] Li G, Chen S, Pholchai N. Continuous control of the nonlinearity phase for harmonic generations[J]. Nat Mater, 14, 607-612(2015).

[58] Ye W, Zeuner F, Li X. Spin and wavelength multiplexed nonlinear metasurface holography[J]. Nat Commun, 7, 11930(2016).

[59] Wang B, Dong F, Li Q-T. Visible-frequency dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength achromatic and highly dispersive holograms[J]. Nano Letters, 16, 5235-5240(2016).

[60] Li X, Chen L, Li Y. Multicolor 3D meta-holography by broadband plasmonic modulation[J]. Sci Adv, 2, e1601102(2016).

[61] Li Z, Chen C, Guan Z. Three‐channel metasurfaces for simultaneous meta‐holography and meta‐nanoprinting: A single‐cell design approach[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 14, 2000032(2020).

[62] Deng L, Deng J, Guan Z. Malus-metasurface-assisted polarization multiplexing[J]. Light Sci Appl, 9, 101(2020).

[63] Song Q, Baroni A, Sawant R. Ptychography retrieval of fully polarized holograms from geometric-phase metasurfaces[J]. Nat Commun, 11, 2651(2020).

[64] Arbabi E, Kamali S M, Arbabi A. Vectorial holograms with a dielectric metasurface: Ultimate polarization pattern generation[J]. ACS Photonics, 6, 2712-2718(2019).

[65] Arbabi A, Horie Y, Bagheri M. Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 10, 937-943(2015).

[66] Balthasar Mueller J P, Rubin N A, Devlin R C. Metasurface polarization optics: Independent phase control of arbitrary orthogonal states of polarization[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 118, 113901(2017).

[67] Chen W T, Yang K Y, Wang C M. High-efficiency broadband meta-hologram with polarization-controlled dual images[J]. Nano Lett, 14, 225-230(2014).

[68] Chen J, Li T, Wang S. Multiplexed holograms by surface plasmon propagation and polarized scattering[J]. Nano Lett, 17, 5051-5055(2017).

[69] Li J X, Chen S Q, Yang H F. Simultaneous control of light polarization and phase distributions using plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 25, 704-710(2015).

[70] Deng Z L, Deng J, Zhuang X. Diatomic metasurface for vectorial holography[J]. Nano Lett, 18, 2885-2892(2018).

[71] Zhao R, Sain B, Wei Q. Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption[J]. Light Sci Appl, 7, 95(2018).

[72] Zhang J, Wei X, Rukhlenko I D. Electrically tunable metasurface with independent frequency and amplitude modulations[J]. ACS Photonics, 7, 265-271(2019).

[73] Flauraud V, Reyes M, Paniagua-Domínguez R. Silicon nanostructures for bright field full color prints[J]. ACS Photonics, 4, 1913-1919(2017).

[74] Bao Y, Yu Y, Xu H. Full-colour nanoprint-hologram synchronous metasurface with arbitrary hue-saturation-brightness control[J]. Light Sci Appl, 8, 95(2019).

[75] Ding J, Xu N, Ren H. Dual-wavelength terahertz metasurfaces with independent phase and amplitude control at each wavelength[J]. Sci Rep, 6, 34020(2016).

[76] Dong F, Feng H, Xu L. Information encoding with optical dielectric metasurface via independent multichannels[J]. ACS Photonics, 6, 230-237(2018).

[77] Jin L, Dong Z, Mei S. Noninterleaved metasurface for (26-1) spin- and wavelength-encoded holograms[J]. Nano Lett, 18, 8016-8024(2018).

[78] Luo X, Hu Y, Li X. Integrated metasurfaces with microprints and helicity‐multiplexed holograms for real‐time optical encryption[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 8, 1902020(2020).

[79] Zhao H, Zhang C M, Guo J Y. Metasurface hologram for multi-image hiding and seeking[J]. Physical Review Applied, 12, 054021(2019).

[80] Xu H X, Hu G, Han L. Chirality‐assisted high‐efficiency metasurfaces with independent control of phase, amplitude, and polarization[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 7, 1801479(2019).

[81] Minatti G, Caminita F, Martini E. Synthesis of modulated-metasurface antennas with amplitude, phase, and polarization control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64, 3907-3919(2016).

[82] Deng Z L, Jin M, Ye X. Full‐color complex‐amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi‐freedom metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 30, 1910610(2020).

[83] Ren H, Briere G, Fang X. Metasurface orbital angular momentum holography[J]. Nat Commun, 10, 2986(2019).

[84] Wei Q, Sain B, Wang Y. Simultaneous spectral and spatial modulation for color printing and holography using all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 19, 8964-8971(2019).

[85] Zhou H, Sain B, Wang Y. Polarization-encrypted orbital angular momentum multiplexed metasurface holography[J]. ACS Nano, 14, 5553-5559(2020).

[86] Zhou H Q, Wang Y T, Li X W. Switchable active phase modulation and holography encryption based on hybrid metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 9, 905-912(2020).

[87] Karvounis A, Gholipour B, MacDonald K F. All-dielectric phase-change reconfigurable metasurface[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 109, 051103(2016).

[88] Jia S Q, Liu J, Khalid A U R. Composite nanostructured design for dynamic control of metasurface holograms[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 37, 658-664(2020).

[89] Li J, Yu P, Cheng H. Optical polarization encoding using graphene‐loaded plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 4, 91-98(2015).

[90] Chanana A, Paulsen A, Guruswamy S. Hiding multi-level multi-color images in terahertz metasurfaces[J]. Optica, 3, 1466-1470(2016).

[91] Sautter J, Staude I, Decker M. Active tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. ACS Nano, 9, 4308-4315(2015).

[92] Wang L, Li T, Guo R Y. Active display and encoding by integrated plasmonic polarizer on light-emitting-diode[J]. Sci Rep, 3, 2603(2013).

[93] Li J, Kamin S, Zheng G. Addressable metasurfaces for dynamic holography and optical information encryption[J]. Sci Adv, 4, eaar6768(2018).

[94] Yang X, Zhang D, Wu S. Reconfigurable all-dielectric metasurface based on tunable chemical systems in aqueous solution[J]. Sci Rep, 7, 3190(2017).

[95] Malek S C, Ee H S, Agarwal R. Strain multiplexed metasurface holograms on a stretchable substrate[J]. Nano Lett, 17, 3641-3645(2017).

[96] Kamali S M, Arbabi E, Arbabi A. Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 10, 1002-1008(2016).

[97] Colombi A, Ageeva V, Smith R J. Enhanced sensing and conversion of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves by elastic metasurfaces[J]. Sci Rep, 7, 6750(2017).

[98] Rahmani M, Leo G, Brener I. Nonlinear frequency conversion in optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces: materials evolution and fabrication[J]. Opto-Electronic Advances, 1, 18002101-18002112(2018).

[99] Liu B, Sain B, Reineke B. Nonlinear wavefront control by geometric‐phase dielectric metasurfaces: influence of mode field and rotational symmetry[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 8, 1902050(2020).

[100] Chen S M, Li G X, Cheah K W. Controlling the phase of optical nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces[J]. Nanophotonics, 7, 1013-1024(2018).

[101] Minovich A E, Miroshnichenko A E, Bykov A Y. Functional and nonlinear optical metasurfaces[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 9, 195-213(2015).

[102] Celebrano M, Wu X, Baselli M. Mode matching in multiresonant plasmonic nanoantennas for enhanced second harmonic generation[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 10, 412(2015).

[103] Tang Y T, Intaravanne Y, Deng J H. Nonlinear vectorial metasurface for optical encryption[J]. Physical Review Applied, 12, 024028(2019).

[104] Gao Y, Fan Y, Wang Y. Nonlinear holographic all-dielectric metasurfaces[J]. Nano Lett, 18, 8054-8061(2018).

[105] Lin Z, Huang L, Xu Z T. Four‐wave mixing holographic multiplexing based on nonlinear metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 7, 1900782(2019).

[106] Walter F, Li G, Meier C. Ultrathin nonlinear metasurface for optical image encoding[J]. Nano Lett, 17, 3171-3175(2017).

[107] Xue J, Zhou Z K, Lin L. Perturbative countersurveillance metaoptics with compound nanosieves[J]. Light Sci Appl, 8, 101(2019).

[108] Li L, Jun Cui T, Ji W. Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms[J]. Nat Commun, 8, 197(2017).

[109] Zhang L, Chen X Q, Liu S. Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces[J]. Nat Commun, 9, 4334(2018).

[110] Nemati A, Wang Q, Hong M H. Tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces and metadevices[J]. Opto-Electronic Advances, 1, 18000901-18000925(2018).

[111] Shaltout A M, Shalaev V M, Brongersma M L. Spatiotemporal light control with active metasurfaces[J]. Science, 364, eaat3100(2019).

[112] Kim M, Kim I, Jang J, Lee D. Active color control in a metasurface by polarization rotation[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 8, 982(2018).

[113] Huang C, Yang J, Wu X. Reconfigurable metasurface cloak for dynamical electromagnetic illusions[J]. ACS Photonics, 5, 1718-1725(2017).