Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 9, 0900003(2023)
Research Progress of 2 μm Band Nanosecond Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser
Figures & Tables(14)
![Experimental setup diagram for high peak power acousto-optic Q-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator[11]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 1. Experimental setup diagram for high peak power acousto-optic Q-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator[11]
Fig. 2. Experimental setup diagram for acousto-optic Q-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator based on TD-PCF[15]
Fig. 3. Experimental setup diagram for high power actively Q-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator with free space structure
Fig. 4. Experimental setup diagram for stress-induced polarization control Q-switched single-frequency thulium-doped fiber oscillator[23]
Fig. 5. Single frequency passively Q-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator based on SESAM. (a) Experimental setup diagram; (b) spectral intensity[26]
Fig. 6. Experimental setup diagram for gain-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator pumped by 793 nm pulsed laser[46]
Fig. 7. Tunable hybrid pump gain-switched thulium-doped fiber oscillator. (a) Experimental setup diagram; (b) pulse energy and duration at different wavelengths[52]
Fig. 8. 0.92 MW peak power thulium-doped fiber amplifier. (a) Experimental setup diagram; (b) spectral intensity[54]
Fig. 9. 7 mJ pulse energy thulium-doped fiber amplifier. (a) Experimental setup diagram; (b) spectral intensity[57]
Fig. 10. 238 W average power nanosecond thulium-doped fiber laser. (a) Experimental setup diagram; (b) spectrum at a repetition rate of 500 kHz and output power of 238 W; (c) spectrum at a repetition rate of 200 kHz and output power of 150 W[61]
Table 1. Typical results of actively Q-switched TDFOs with free space structure
View tableTable 1. Typical results of actively Q-switched TDFOs with free space structure
Year & Ref. Fiber core
diameter /μm
λP /nm λS /nm Repetition rate /kHz Pulse width /ns Peak power /kW Energy /mJ 1993［ 4 ］5 792 1920 4 130 4×10-3 5.2×10-4 2003［ 11 ］17 1319 2000 0.1 150 4.1 0.6 2003［ 12 ］17 1319 2000 0.07 696* 3.3 2.3 2007［ 13 ］20 793 1980 125 41 6.58* 0.27 2010［ 14 ］25 793 2052 20 200 1.1* 0.225 2012［ 15 ］50 793 2000 10 49 8.9 0.435 2013［ 16 ］81 793 1850 & 1900 13.9 15 150 2.4 2021［ 17 ］20 793 2044 26 42 13.9 0.63
Table 2. Typical results of gain-switched TDFOs
View tableTable 2. Typical results of gain-switched TDFOs
Year & Ref. λP /μm λS /nm Repetition rate /kHz Pulse width /ns Peak power /kW Energy /mJ Configuration 2007［ 37 ］1.55 2000 — 10 1.2* 0.012 All fiber 2009［ 38 ］1.5 2000 20 1.5 8 0.012 All fiber 2011［ 39 ］1.914 ~1940 2 61 21.3 1.3 Not all fiber 2011［ 40 ］1.55 2044 300 25 0.92 0.023 All fiber 35 1 0.035 2012［ 41 ］1.053 &0.79 2018 1 ~500 4 2 All fiber 2013［ 42 ］1.053 &0.79 2018 5 16.2 123 2 All fiber 2017［ 43 ］1.55 1958 0.1 100 0.02 0.002 All fiber 2018［ 44 ］1.56 &0.79 2000 344 300 0.0539 0.017 All fiber 2021［ 45 ］1.6 1940 631.5 14.7 0.263* 0.00387 All fiber 2021［ 46 ］0.793 2017 15 — — 0.362 All fiber
Table 3. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of three Q-switching techniques
View tableTable 3. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of three Q-switching techniques
Method Active Q-switching Passive Q-switching Gain switching Key device AOM and EOM Saturable absorber Pulse pump source Advantage Technology is well developed，freely adjustable repetition frequency and pulse width，and high output power and pulse energy under space structure Simple and compact system；
better economic performance；
Q-switching self-starting can be realized
Easy to implement all-fiber structure，
only the damage threshold of the fiber itself needs to be considered
Disadvantage More complex systems，higher cost，limited output power，and energy in an all-fiber structure Repetition frequency and pulse width are not freely adjustable，poor stability，
insufficient research on the saturable absorption properties of new materials
High power in-band pulsed pump source is more costly，pulse envelope with self-mode locking phenomenon
Table 4. Typical results of high power nanosecond TDFAs
View tableTable 4. Typical results of high power nanosecond TDFAs
Year & Ref. Method λS /nm Δλ /nm Average
power /W
Repetition rate /kHz Pulse
width /ns
Peak power /kW Pulse energy /mJ Amplifier stages 2013［ 54 ］AOM 1965 1.01 7.3 1 6.5 920 6.4 2 2014［ 55 ］AOM 1951 1.4 52 50 822 1.27 1.04 2 2014［ 56 ］GS 1994.4 1.2 7.28* 26 25 10.5 0.28 1 2015［ 50 ］GS 2050 — 40.5 40 100 10 1 2 2015［ 57 ］GS 2040 1.3 70 10 114 53.8 7 2 2015［ 58 ］AOM 1950.2 0.8 110 2000 51.1 1.07* 0.055 3 2015［ 59 ］AOM 1971 0.0039* 105 1000 66 1.42 0.105 3 2015［ 60 ］AOM 1971 0.019* 192 3000 51 1.11 0.062 3 209 5000 46 0.86 0.042 2016［ 61 ］AOM 1971 0.15 238 500 63.3 7.06 0.477 3 0.10 150 200 58.2 12.1 0.749 2017［ 62 ］GS 1950 — 115 100 1800 0.63 1.15 3 60 100 860 0.69 0.6 2018［ 63 ］GS 2000 — 16.1 25 17 35.6 0.64 1 2021［ 64 ］AOM 2009 0.09 2.04 20 97 2.1 0.1 2
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Junjie Ren, Zhenxing He, Ting Yu, Xisheng Ye. Research Progress of 2 μm Band Nanosecond Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(9): 0900003
Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Feb. 8, 2022
Accepted: Apr. 14, 2022
Published Online: Apr. 24, 2023
The Author Email: Ye Xisheng (xsye@siom.ac.cn)
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