Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of WFOV metalens design. (a) 3D structure. (b) Illustration of the phase profile derivation. (c) Illustration of the image height derivation. (a) is reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society^[23].

Fig. 2. Calculated performance of an ideal WFOV lens. (a) Lens phase profile retrieved from analytical and numerical solutions. (b) Image heights with different AOIs from analytical and numerical solutions. The green dashed line represents the telecentric condition, which corresponds to d=s=Lαn2−sin2α. (c) Focusing efficiency and Strehl ratio for different AOIs. (d)–(g) Normalized intensity profiles at the image plane with different AOIs (scale bars are 20 µm).

Fig. 3. Simulated performance of a metalens composed of realistic meta-atoms. (a) Image height, (b) efficiency, and Strehl ratio for different AOIs based on full-wave modeled meta-atoms.

Fig. 4. (a), (b) Effects of NA on efficiency and Strehl ratio averaged over the entire near-180° FOV by changing (a) focal length and (b) aperture size. (c) Effects of substrate thickness on averaged efficiency and Strehl ratio.