[1] A J Liu, P Wolf, J A Lott et al. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for data communication and sensing. Photon Res, 7, 121(2019).

[2] A Larsson. Advances in VCSELs for communication and sensing. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 17, 1552(2011).

[3] J A Tatum, G D Landry, D Gazula et al. VCSEL-based optical transceivers for future data center applications. 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC), 1(2018).

[4] D M Kuchta, A V Rylyakov, F E Doany et al. A 71-Gb/s NRZ modulated 850-nm VCSEL-based optical link. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 27, 577(2015).

[5] K Szczerba, P Westbergh, M Karlsson et al. 70 Gbps 4-PAM and 56 Gbps 8-PAM using an 850 nm VCSEL. J Lightw Technol, 33, 1395(2015).

[6] K Szczerba, T Lengyel, M Karlsson et al. 94-Gb/s 4-PAM using an 850-nm VCSEL, pre-emphasis, and receiver equalization. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 28, 2519(2016).

[7] A Grabowski, J S Gustavsson, A Larsson. Large-signal equivalent circuit for datacom VCSELs–including intensity noise. J Lightw Technol, 40, 7342(2022).

[8] J Y Qiu, D F Wu, H L Wang et al. Advanced single-mode 850 nm VCSELs for record NRZ and PAM4 data rate on SMF-28 fiber up to 1 km. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Tu5C. 2(2021).

[9] U Hecht, N Ledentsov, L Chorchos et al. 120Gbit/s multi-mode fiber transmission realized with feed forward equalization using 28GHz 850nm VCSELs. 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019), 1(2019).

[10] J Lavrencik, S Varughese, N Ledentsov et al. 168Gbps PAM-4 multimode fiber transmission through 50m using 28GHz 850nm multimode VCSELs. Proc Opt Fiber Commun Conf Exhibit (OFC), W1D. 3(2020).

[11] N Ledentsov Jr, L Chorchos, O Makarov et al. Narrow spectrum VCSEL development for high performance 100G transceivers and increased transmission distance over multimode fiber. Proc of SPIE, 11704, 117040P(2021).

[12] C Y Huang, H Y Wang, C H Wu et al. Comparison on OM5-MMF and OM4-MMF data links with 32-GBaud PAM-4 modulated few-mode VCSEL at 850 nm. J Lightw Technol, 38, 573(2020).

[13] C Y Huang, H Y Wang, C Y Peng et al. Multimode VCSEL enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF data link. IEEE Access, 8, 36963(2020).

[14] Y C Yang, H T Cheng, C H Wu. Single-channel 106.25 Gb/s PAM-4 and 64 Gb/s NRZ transmission with a 33.4-GHz 850-nm VCSEL with low-RIN characteristics. J Lightw Technol, 42, 293(2024).

[15] J Y Wang, R Murty, Z W Feng et al. High speed 850nm oxide VCSEL development for 100Gb/s ethernet at Broadcom. Proc of SPIE, 12020, 1202009(2022).

[16] T Aoki, H Hiiro, R Tanaka et al. Performance of PAM-4 VCSEL for short-reach 100 Gb/s per lane applications up to 85°C. Proc of SPIE, 12020, 120200C(2022).

[17] M Hoser, W Kaiser, D Quandt et al. Highly reliable 106 Gb/s PAM-4 850 nm multi-mode VCSEL for 800G Ethernet applications. Proc Opt Fiber Commun Conf Exhibit (OFC), Tu2D. 5(2022).

[18] J Lavrencik, S Varughese, V A Thomas et al. 100Gbps PAM-4 transmission over 100m OM4 and wideband fiber using 850nm VCSELs. 42nd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications (ECOC), 1, 1(2016).

[19] J Zhang, C X Hao, W H Zheng et al. Demonstration of electrically injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with post-supported high-contrast gratings. Photon Res, 10, 1170(2022).

[20] A Larsson, E Simpanen, J S Gustavsson et al. 1060 nm VCSELs for long-reach optical interconnects. Opt Fiber Technol, 44, 36(2018).

[21] E Haglund, Å Haglund, S J Gustavsson et al. Reducing the spectral width of high speed oxide confined VCSELs using an integrated mode filter. Proc of SPIE, 8276, 82760L(2012).

[22] C H Wu, F Tan, M Feng et al. The effect of mode spacing on the speed of quantum-well microcavity lasers. Appl Phys Lett, 97, 091103(2010).

[23] C X Hao, J Zhang, W H Zheng et al. Dynamics of high-contrast grating vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with lateral optical feedback by a heterostructure interface. Opt Express, 30, 22074(2022).