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Journal of Semiconductors, Volume. 45, Issue 5, 050501(2024)

70 Gbps PAM-4 850-nm oxide-confined VCSEL without equalization and pre-emphasis

Anjin Liu*, Bao Tang, Zhiyong Li, and Wanhua Zheng
Author Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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    (Color online) (a) Cross-sectional view of the VCSEL structure. (b) Power−current−voltage curves of the VCSEL at 25 °C. (c) Spectrum at 6 mA under 24 °C. (d) Small signal response (S21) curve at 9 mA under 25 °C. (e) 35 Gbps NRZ eye diagrams of the VCSEL without pre-emphasis, filter, or equalization at 9.5 mA and 650 mV Vpp. (f) 70 Gbps (35 Gbaud) PAM-4 eye diagrams of the VCSEL without pre-emphasis, filter, or equalization at 9.5 mA and 650 mV Vpp.

    Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Cross-sectional view of the VCSEL structure. (b) Power−current−voltage curves of the VCSEL at 25 °C. (c) Spectrum at 6 mA under 24 °C. (d) Small signal response (S21) curve at 9 mA under 25 °C. (e) 35 Gbps NRZ eye diagrams of the VCSEL without pre-emphasis, filter, or equalization at 9.5 mA and 650 mV Vpp. (f) 70 Gbps (35 Gbaud) PAM-4 eye diagrams of the VCSEL without pre-emphasis, filter, or equalization at 9.5 mA and 650 mV Vpp.

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    • Table 1. Selected results of PAM-4 modulation 850-nm oxide-confined VCSELs.

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      Table 1. Selected results of PAM-4 modulation 850-nm oxide-confined VCSELs.

      GroupBandwidth (GHz)Modulation formatData rate (Gbps)Advanced techniquesTemperature (°C)DistanceYearRef.
      CUT20PAM-470 (35 Gbaud)Equalization25BTB2015[5]
      CUT18.2 (link)PAM-494 (47 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization25BTB2016[6]
      CUT28PAM-456 (28 Gbaud)N/A25BTB2022[7]
      UIUCN/APAM-464 (32 Gbaud)Equalization25500 m2021[8]
      TUB-VIS-WUT28PAM-4120 (60 Gbaud)Equalization25BTB2019[9]
      GIT-VIS-WUT28PAM-4168 (84 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization, filter25BTB2020[10]
      VIS-WUT30PAM-4106 (53 Gbaud)Equalization25BTB2021[11]
      NTU23PAM-464 (32 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis25BTB2020[12]
      NTU25PAM-484 (42 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis25BTB2020[13]
      NTU33PAM-4106 (53 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis25BTB2023[14]
      Broadcom~30PAM-4106 (53 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization, filter25100 m2022[15]
      Sumitomo29PAM-4106 (53 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization, filter25100 m2022[16]
      Ⅱ−Ⅵ27PAM-4106 (53 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization, filter25BTB2022[17]
      GIT-Finisar-OFS20 (link)PAM-4100 (50 Gbaud)Pre-emphasis, equalization, filter25105 m2016[18]
      This work23.7 (link)PAM-470 (35 Gbaud)N/A25BTB2023
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    Anjin Liu, Bao Tang, Zhiyong Li, Wanhua Zheng. 70 Gbps PAM-4 850-nm oxide-confined VCSEL without equalization and pre-emphasis[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(5): 050501

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    Paper Information

    Category: Articles

    Received: Dec. 27, 2023

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Jul. 8, 2024

    The Author Email: Liu Anjin (AJLiu)

    DOI:10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/050501

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology