Acta Photonica Sinica, Volume. 53, Issue 10, 1053403(2024)

Mechanism and Application of Ionizing Radiation in Modulating the Physical Properties of Two-dimensional Materials(Invited)

Tengteng GAO1...2, Wenqi QIAN1,2, Haiyi LIU1,2, Xueying WANG1,2, Fangxun LIU1,2, Sihan LIN1,2, and Pengfei QI12,* |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
  • show less
    References(113)

    [1] K S NOVOSELOV, A K GEIM, S V MOROZOV et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 306, 666-669(2004).

    [2] H ZHANG. Ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials. ACS Nano, 9, 9451-9469(2015).

    [3] I FRANK, D M TANENBAUM, A M VAN DER ZANDE et al. Mechanical properties of suspended graphene sheets. Journal of Vacuum Science, 25, 2558-2561(2007).

    [4] K LIU, J WU. Mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials and heterostructures. Journal of Materials Research, 31, 832-844(2016).

    [5] M CHHOWALLA, H S SHIN, G EDA et al. The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Nature Chemistry, 5, 263-275(2013).

    [6] Q H WANG, K KALANTAR-ZADEH, A KIS et al. Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nature Nanotechnology, 7, 699-712(2012).

    [7] S Z BUTLER, S M HOLLEN, L CAO et al. Progress, challenges, and opportunities in two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. ACS Nano, 7, 2898-2926(2013).

    [9] J H CHEN, W G CULLEN, C JANG et al. Defect scattering in graphene. Physical Review Letters, 102, 236805(2009).

    [10] Q WANG, W MAO, D GE et al. Effects of Ga ion-beam irradiation on monolayer graphene. Applied Physics Letters, 103, 073501(2013).

    [11] P D KAUSHIK, M RODNER, G LAKSHMI et al. Surface functionalization of epitaxial graphene using ion implantation for sensing and optical applications. Carbon, 157, 169-184(2020).

    [12] K HAREESH, R P JOSHI, B SHATEESH et al. Reduction of graphene oxide by 100 MeV Au ion irradiation and its application as H2O2 sensor. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48, 365105(2015).

    [13] X FU, Z QIAO, H ZHOU et al. Defect engineering in transition metal dichalcogenide-based gas sensors. Chemosensors, 12, 85(2024).

    [14] F PEYSKENS, C CHAKRABORTY, M MUNEEB et al. Integration of single photon emitters in 2D layered materials with a silicon nitride photonic chip. Nature Communications, 10, 4435(2019).

    [15] H TAO, S XU, J ZHANG et al. Improved crystal quality and enhanced optical performance of GaN enabled by ion implantation induced high-quality nucleation. Optics Express, 31, 20850(2023).

    [16] L SKOPINSKI, S KRETSCHMER, P ERNST et al. Velocity distributions of particles sputtered from supported two-dimensional MoS 2 during highly charged ion irradiation. Physical Review B, 107, 075418(2023).

    [17] D IVEKOVIĆ, K T LUKETIĆ, H VÁZQUEZ et al. Suspended nanoporous graphene produced by swift heavy ion bombardment. Materials Chemistry Physics, 313, 128729(2024).

    [18] D D XU, A F VONG, D LEBEDEV et al. Conversion of classical light emission from a nanoparticle‐strained wse2 monolayer into quantum light emission via electron beam irradiation. Advanced Materials, 35, 2208066(2023).

    [19] L SUN, F BANHART, J WARNER. Two-dimensional materials under electron irradiation. MRS Bulletin, 40, 29-37(2015).

    [20] X WU, X LUO, H CHENG et al. Recent progresses on ion beam irradiation induced structure and performance modulation of two-dimensional materials. Nanoscale, 15, 8925-8947(2023).

    [21] M GHORBANI-ASL, S KRETSCHMER, A V KRASHENINNIKOV. Two-dimensional materials under ion irradiation: from defect production to structure and property engineering, 259-301(2022).

    [22] V GEORGAKILAS, M OTYEPKA, A B BOURLINOS et al. Functionalization of graphene: covalent and non-covalent approaches, derivatives and applications. Chemical Reviews, 112, 6156-6214(2012).

    [23] J LIU, J TANG, J J GOODING. Strategies for chemical modification of graphene and applications of chemically modified graphene. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22, 12435-12452(2012).

    [24] C N R RAO, K GOPALAKRISHNAN, A GOVINDARAJ. Synthesis, properties and applications of graphene doped with boron, nitrogen and other elements. Nano Today, 9, 324-343(2014).

    [25] C R RYDER, J D WOOD, S A WELLS et al. Chemically tailoring semiconducting two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. ACS Nano, 10, 3900-3917(2016).

    [26] T GOKUS, R NAIR, A BONETTI et al. Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment. ACS Nano, 3, 3963-3968(2009).

    [27] Y C LIN, C Y LIN, P W CHIU. Controllable graphene N-doping with ammonia plasma. Applied Physics Letters, 96, 133110(2010).

    [28] A NOURBAKHSH, M CANTORO, T VOSCH et al. Bandgap opening in oxygen plasma-treated graphene. Nanotechnology, 21, 435203(2010).

    [29] A DEY, A CHRONEOS, N S J BRAITHWAITE et al. Plasma engineering of graphene. Applied Physics Reviews, 3, 21301(2016).

    [30] J LU, H LIU, E S TOK et al. Interactions between lasers and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Chemical Society Reviews, 45, 2494-2515(2016).

    [31] J H YOO, E KIM, D J HWANG. Femtosecond laser patterning, synthesis, defect formation, and structural modification of atomic layered materials. MRS Bulletin, 41, 1002-1008(2016).

    [32] Y XIAO, M ZHOU, M ZENG et al. Atomic‐scale structural modification of 2D materials. Advanced Science, 6, 1801501(2019).

    [33] N KHOSSOSSI, D SINGH, A AINANE et al. Recent progress of defect chemistry on 2D materials for advanced battery anodes. Chemistry-An Asian Journal, 15, 3390-3404(2020).

    [34] S WANG, A ROBERTSON, J H WARNER. Atomic structure of defects and dopants in 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Chemical Society Reviews, 47, 6764-6794(2018).

    [35] D RHODES, S H CHAE, R RIBEIRO-PALAU et al. Disorder in van der Waals heterostructures of 2D materials. Nature materials, 18, 541-549(2019).

    [36] H NAN, Z WANG, W WANG et al. Strong photoluminescence enhancement of MoS2 through defect engineering and oxygen bonding. ACS Nano, 8, 5738-5745(2014).

    [37] J C MEYER, F EDER, S KURASCH et al. Accurate measurement of electron beam induced displacement cross sections for single-layer graphene. Physical Review Letters, 108, 196102(2012).

    [38] C T PAN, J HINKS, Q M RAMASSE et al. In-situ observation and atomic resolution imaging of the ion irradiation induced amorphisation of graphene. Scientific Reports, 4, 6334(2014).

    [39] M X HAN, Z Y JI, L W SHANG et al. γ radiation caused graphene defects and increased carrier density. Chinese Physics B, 20, 086102(2011).

    [40] S LU, F LIAO, T WANG et al. Tuning surface properties of graphene oxide quantum dots by gamma-ray irradiation. Journal of Luminescence, 175, 88-93(2016).

    [41] X ZHEN, Y HUANG, S YANG et al. The effect of 500 keV proton irradiation on reduced graphene oxide paper. Materials Letters, 260, 126880(2020).

    [42] X ZHEN, Y HUANG, S YANG et al. The effect of proton irradiation on the properties of a graphene oxide paper. RSC Advances, 9, 30519-30525(2019).

    [44] Y LIN, K SUENAGA, T BJÖRKMAN et al. Three-fold rotational defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nature Communications, 6, 6736(2015).

    [45] P K CHOW, R B JACOBS-GEDRIM, J GAO et al. Defect-induced photoluminescence in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. ACS Nano, 9, 1520-1527(2015).

    [46] Z HE, R ZHAO, X CHEN et al. Defect engineering in single-layer MoS2 using heavy ion irradiation. ACS Applied Materials, 10, 42524-42533(2018).

    [47] X WU, X ZHENG, G ZHANG et al. γ-Ray irradiation-induced unprecedent optical, frictional and electrostatic performances on CVD-prepared monolayer WSe2. RSC Advances, 11, 22088-22094(2021).

    [48] B FORAN, C MANN, M PETERSON et al. Effects of proton radiation-induced defects on optoelectronic properties of MoS2. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 66, 413-419(2018).

    [49] G XIONG, H ZHU, L WANG et al. Radiation damage and abnormal photoluminescence enhancement of multilayer MoS2 under neutron irradiation. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 34, 055701(2021).

    [50] A K DASH, H SWAMINATHAN, E BERGER et al. Evidence of defect formation in monolayer MoS2 at ultralow accelerating voltage electron irradiation. 2D Materials, 10, 035002(2023).

    [51] F ZHANG, Y LU, D S SCHULMAN et al. Carbon doping of WS2 monolayers: Bandgap reduction and p-type doping transport. Science Advances, 5, eaav5003(2019).

    [52] C H DU XIANG, J WU, S ZHONG et al. Surface transfer doping induced effective modulation on ambipolar characteristics of few-layer black phosphorus. Nature Communications, 6, 6485(2015).

    [53] Y GONG, H YUAN, C L WU et al. Spatially controlled doping of two-dimensional SnS2 through intercalation for electronics. Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 294-299(2018).

    [54] E RIMINI. Ion implantation: basics to device fabrication. Springer Science & Business Media(1994).

    [55] R JONES, K YU, S LI et al. Evidence for p-type doping of InN. Physical Review Letters, 96, 125505(2006).

    [56] C RONNING, C BORSCHEL, S GEBURT et al. Ion beam doping of semiconductor nanowires. Materials Science Engineering: R: Reports, 70, 30-43(2010).

    [57] H GUPTA, J SINGH, R DUTT et al. Defect-induced photoluminescence from gallium-doped zinc oxide thin films: influence of doping and energetic ion irradiation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21, 15019-15029(2019).

    [58] U BANGERT, A BLELOCH, M GASS et al. Doping of few-layered graphene and carbon nanotubes using ion implantation. Physical Review B—Condensed Matter Materials Physics, 81, 245423(2010).

    [59] U BANGERT, W PIERCE, D KEPAPTSOGLOU et al. Ion implantation of graphene toward ic compatible technologies. Nano Letters, 13, 4902-4907(2013).

    [60] P WILLKE, J A AMANI, A SINTERHAUF et al. Doping of graphene by low-energy ion beam implantation: structural, electronic, and transport properties. Nano Letters, 15, 5110-5115(2015).

    [61] X WU, H ZHAO, D YAN et al. Doping of graphene using ion beam irradiation and the atomic mechanism. Computational Materials Science, 129, 184-193(2017).

    [62] S W HAN, W S YUN, H KIM et al. Hole doping effect of MoS2 via electron capture of He+ ion irradiation. Scientific Reports, 11, 23590(2021).

    [63] H LIANG, Y ZHENG, L LOH et al. Robust n-type doping of WSe2 enabled by controllable proton irradiation. Nano Research, 16, 1220-1227(2023).

    [64] Z SHANG, Y TAN, S ZHOU et al. Layer-to-layer compression and enhanced optical properties of few-layer graphene nanosheet induced by ion irradiation. Optical Engineering, 55, 081303(2016).

    [65] M YASEIN, M EISSA, M EL-FAYOUMI et al. Studying the effect of low doses of gamma and beta irradiations on graphene oxide samples. Radiation Physics Chemistry, 173, 108941(2020).

    [66] M EISSA, W MEL ROUBY. Effect of alpha particle irradiations on the structural properties of graphene oxide. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 32, 1850343(2018).

    [67] D WANG, Y WANG, X CHEN et al. Layer-by-layer thinning of two-dimensional MoS2 films by using a focused ion beam. Nanoscale, 8, 4107-4112(2016).

    [68] O OCHEDOWSKI, H BUKOWSKA, V M F SOLER et al. Folding two dimensional crystals by swift heavy ion irradiation. Nuclear Instruments, 340, 39-43(2014).

    [69] L MADAUSS, O OCHEDOWSKI, H LEBIUS et al. Defect engineering of single-and few-layer MoS2 by swift heavy ion irradiation. 2D Materials, 4, 015034(2016).

    [70] C HERBIG, E H ÅHLGREN, U A SCHRÖDER et al. Xe irradiation of graphene on Ir (111): From trapping to blistering. Physical Review B, 92, 085429(2015).

    [71] M PANDEY, R AHUJA, R KUMAR. Electron beam irradiation-induced atomically thin domes of two-dimensional materials: Graphene and MoS2. Surfaces Interfaces, 51, 104654(2024).

    [72] S O WOO, W TEIZER. Effects of electron beam induced redox processes on the electronic transport in graphene field effect transistors. Carbon, 93, 693-701(2015).

    [73] O OCHEDOWSKI, K MARINOV, G WILBS et al. Radiation hardness of graphene and MoS2 field effect devices against swift heavy ion irradiation. Journal of Applied Physics, 113, 214306(2013).

    [74] S KUMAR, A KUMAR, A TRIPATHI et al. Engineering of electronic properties of single layer graphene by swift heavy ion irradiation. Journal of Applied Physics, 123, 161533(2018).

    [75] J ZENG, J LIU, S ZHANG et al. Graphene electrical properties modulated by swift heavy ion irradiation. Carbon, 154, 244-253(2019).

    [76] A RATAN, S KUNCHAKARA, M DUTT et al. Enhanced electrical properties of few layers MoS2-PVA nanocomposite film via homogeneous dispersion and annealing effect induced by 80áMeV Carbon6+ swift heavy ion irradiation. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 108, 104877(2020).

    [77] B TANG, Y ZHAO, C ZHOU et al. Threshold voltage modulation in monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistors via selective gallium ion beam irradiation. Science China Materials, 65, 741-747(2022).

    [78] M G STANFORD, P R PUDASAINI, A BELIANINOV et al. Focused helium-ion beam irradiation effects on electrical transport properties of few-layer WSe2: enabling nanoscale direct write homo-junctions. Scientific Reports, 6, 27276(2016).

    [79] Y LIU, Z GAO, Y TAN et al. Enhancement of out-of-plane charge transport in a vertically stacked two-dimensional heterostructure using point defects. ACS Nano, 12, 10529-10536(2018).

    [80] Y LIU, Y LIU, H ZHOU et al. Defect engineering of out-of-plane charge transport in van der Waals heterostructures for Bi-direction photoresponse. ACS Nano, 15, 16572-16580(2021).

    [81] Z GUO, Y ZENG, F MENG et al. In-situ neutron-transmutation for substitutional doping in 2D layered indium selenide based phototransistor. eLight, 2, 9(2022).

    [82] T Y KIM, K CHO, W PARK et al. Irradiation effects of high-energy proton beams on MoS2 field effect transistors. ACS Nano, 8, 2774-2781(2014).

    [83] D S FOX, Y ZHOU, P MAGUIRE et al. Nanopatterning and electrical tuning of MoS2 layers with a subnanometer helium ion beam. Nano Letters, 15, 5307-5313(2015).

    [84] A MACKOVÁ, P MALINSKY, A JAGEROVÁ et al. Modification of MoS2 structure by means of high energy ions in connection to electrical properties and light element surface adsorption. Surfaces Interfaces, 17, 100357(2019).

    [85] A J ARNOLD, T SHI, I JOVANOVIC et al. Extraordinary radiation hardness of atomically thin MoS2. ACS Applied Materials Interfaces, 11, 8391-8399(2019).

    [86] Y ZHANG, X CHEN, H WANG et al. Electronic properties of multilayer MoS2 field effect transistor with unique irradiation resistance. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125, 2089-2096(2021).

    [87] K BURNS, A M Z TAN, A GABRIEL et al. Controlling neutral and charged excitons in MoS2 with defects. Journal of Materials Research, 35, 949-957(2020).

    [88] D GUPTA, V CHAUHAN, S UPADHYAY et al. Defects engineering and enhancement in optical and structural properties of 2D-MoS2 thin films by high energy ion beam irradiation. Materials Chemistry Physics, 276, 125422(2022).

    [89] V CHAUHAN, T GUPTA, N KORATKAR et al. Studies of the electronic excitation modifications induced by SHI of Au ions in RF sputtered ZrO2 thin films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 88, 262-272(2018).

    [90] R CHEN, G LIU, F QIU et al. Self-powered waveguide-integrated photodetector based on a defect-engineered WSe2/graphene heterojunction. Optical Materials Express, 12, 3614-3620(2022).

    [91] D H LIEN, S Z UDDIN, M YEH et al. Electrical suppression of all nonradiative recombination pathways in monolayer semiconductors. Science, 364, 468-471(2019).

    [92] R DHALL, K SEYLER, Z LI et al. Strong circularly polarized photoluminescence from multilayer MoS2 through plasma driven direct-gap transition. ACS Photonics, 3, 310-314(2016).

    [93] J F FELIX, A FDA SILVA, D A SILVA S W et al. A comprehensive study on the effects of gamma radiation on the physical properties of a two-dimensional WS2 monolayer semiconductor. Nanoscale Horizons, 5, 259-267(2020).

    [94] Z WU, Z NI. Spectroscopic investigation of defects in two-dimensional materials. Nanophotonics, 6, 1219-1237(2017).

    [95] S ZHANG, H M HILL, K MOUDGIL et al. Controllable, wide‐ranging n‐doping and p‐doping of monolayer group 6 transition‐metal disulfides and diselenides. Advanced Materials, 30, 1802991(2018).

    [96] F SARCAN, N J FAIRBAIRN, P ZOTEV et al. Understanding the impact of heavy ions and tailoring the optical properties of large-area monolayer WS2 using focused ion beam. npj 2D Materials Applications, 7, 23(2023).

    [97] I SHLIMAK, E ZION, A BUTENKO et al. Hopping magnetoresistance in ion irradiated monolayer graphene. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems Nanostructures, 76, 158-163(2016).

    [98] A K ANBALAGAN, F C HU, W K CHAN et al. Gamma-ray irradiation induced ultrahigh room-temperature ferromagnetism in MoS2 sputtered few-layered thin films. ACS Nano, 17, 6555-6564(2023).

    [99] G LÓPEZ-POLÍN, C GÓMEZ-NAVARRO, V PARENTE et al. Increasing the elastic modulus of graphene by controlled defect creation. Nature Physics, 11, 26-31(2015).

    [100] Z SONG, Z XU. Geometrical effect ‘stiffens’ graphene membrane at finite vacancy concentrations. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 6, 82-87(2016).

    [101] M ANNAMALAI, S MATHEW, T K CHAN et al. Tailoring mechanical properties of suspended graphene by energetic ion beams(2018).

    [102] K LIU, C L HSIN, D FU et al. Self-passivation of defects: effects of high-energy particle irradiation on the elastic modulus of multilayer graphene. Advanced Materials, 27, 6841-6847(2015).

    [103] X WU, X ZHU, B LEI. Impact of ion beam irradiation on two-dimensional MoS2: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 34, 055402(2021).

    [104] V TUBOLTSEV, J RÄISÄNEN. Sculpturing nanowires with ion beams. Small, 5, 2687-2691(2009).

    [105] J BARDEEN, W SHOCKLEY. Deformation potentials and mobilities in non-polar crystals. Physical Review, 80, 72(1950).

    [106] X LIU, A K SACHAN, S T HOWELL et al. Thermomechanical nanostraining of two-dimensional materials. Nano Letters, 20, 8250-8257(2020).

    [107] S DU, Y GUO, X HUANG et al. Strain lithography for two-dimensional materials by electron irradiation. Applied Physics Letters, 120, 093104(2022).

    [108] F XIA, T MUELLER, Y LIN. m, Valdes-Garcia, A. & Avouris, P. Ultrafast graphene photodetector. Nature Nanotechnology, 4, 839-843(2009).

    [109] T MUELLER, F XIA, P AVOURIS. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications. Nature Photonics, 4, 297-301(2010).

    [110] Y TAN, Z GUO, Z SHANG et al. Tailoring nonlinear optical properties of Bi2Se3 through ion irradiation. Scientific Reports, 6, 21799(2016).

    [111] H LI, C LIU, Y ZHANG et al. Effects of N‐ion implantation on the electrical and photoelectronic properties of MoS2 field effect transistors. Physica Status Solidi, 219, 2100551(2022).

    [112] O C COMPTON, S T NGUYEN. Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon‐based materials. Small, 6, 711-723(2010).

    [113] F SINGH, R N GOYAL. Structural and electrochemical characterization of carbon ion beam irradiated reduced graphene oxide and its application in voltammetric determination of norepinephrine. RSC Advances, 5, 87504-87511(2015).

    [114] S CHEN, C WANG, H CAI et al. Realization of single-photon emitters with high brightness and high stability and excellent monochromaticity. Matter, 7, 1106-1116(2024).

    [115] J KLEIN, M LORKE, M FLORIAN et al. Site-selectively generated photon emitters in monolayer MoS2 via local helium ion irradiation. Nature Communications, 10, 2755(2019).

    Tools

    Get Citation

    Copy Citation Text

    Tengteng GAO, Wenqi QIAN, Haiyi LIU, Xueying WANG, Fangxun LIU, Sihan LIN, Pengfei QI. Mechanism and Application of Ionizing Radiation in Modulating the Physical Properties of Two-dimensional Materials(Invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2024, 53(10): 1053403

    Download Citation

    EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
    Save article for my favorites
    Paper Information

    Category: Special Issue for“the 40th Anniversary of Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University”

    Received: Jul. 16, 2024

    Accepted: Sep. 29, 2024

    Published Online: Dec. 5, 2024

    The Author Email: QI Pengfei (qipengfei@nankai.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/gzxb20245310.1053403

    Topics