Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 6, 0618005(2024)
Research Progress on Fast Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Its in vivo Applications (Invited)
Fig. 1. Number of papers focusing on FLIM
Fig. 2. Principle diagram of TD-FLIM and FD-FLIM
Fig. 3. Imaging speed improving of TCSPC-FLIM by optimizing detection methods. (a) Using a collection module with a shorter dead time to record multiple photons within a single pulse cycle[36]; (b) using a photon'Spinner' to shorten the dead time of the capture card[37]; (c) using parallel array detection modules to improve photon counting rate[38]
Fig. 4. Imaging speed improving of TCSPC-FLIM by optimizing scanning methods. (a) Implementing fast scanning with arbitrary shapes based on 2D-AOD[39]; (b) using a multifocal array to achieve fast scanning[41]; (c) using line excitation to realize fast scanning, and the imaging results of two slices shown on right[44]
Fig. 5. Schematic of TG-FLIM system based on light-sheet[55]. (a) Schematic of the system; (b) imaging results of a living zebrafish
Fig. 7. Widefield FD-FLIM based on modulation of LED[70]. (a) Schematic of the system; (b) fluorescence intensity images of Fluorescein-Glycerol (Fl-Gly) solutions with different ratios; (c) corresponding fluorescence lifetime images
Fig. 9. Flowchart of ADCG algorithm and the fitting results with photon number of 45[86]
Fig. 10. Three types of DL algorithms contribute to reduce FLIM processing time. (a) Traditional curve fitting is substituted by either a 3D-CNN[92] (left) or a 1D-CNN[93] (right) framework; (b) LLE and NIII sub networks are utilized to produce data with high photon counts from low photon counts[96]; (c) DL algorithms are employed to improve imaging resolution[97]
Fig. 11. Schematic of instant FLIM technique and its in vivo imaging results of neurons in mouse brain[71]
Fig. 12. TCSPC-FLIM for living mice. (a) Imaging brain vessels and Aβ plaque in AD mice[103]; (b) quantitative characterization of intracellular glucose concentration in cortical neurons[104]; (c) three photon FLIM of cerebral vessels[105]; (d) imaging of different organs in mice based on microendoscopy[106]
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Fangrui Lin, Yiqiang Wang, Min Yi, Chenshuang Zhang, Liwei Liu, Junle Qu. Research Progress on Fast Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Its in vivo Applications (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(6): 0618005
Category: Microscopy
Received: Jan. 8, 2024
Accepted: Feb. 19, 2024
Published Online: Mar. 22, 2024
The Author Email: Qu Junle (jlqu@szu.edu.cn)