The sparse aperture array of Golay is analyzed. Then, the rule of Golay nonredundant configuration arrangement is derived based on the equilateral triangular set and a novel sparse aperture configuration named quasi-Golay6 is proposed. According to the rules of one dimensional array arrangement and nonredundant configuration arrangement,the sub-apertures of quasi-Golay6 on the entrance pupil are arranged on sides of an equilateral triangle. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) formula of quasi-Golay6 is deduced, and its distribution is also given out. The MTFs of quasi-Golay6 are compared with those of Golay 6 to investigate the characteristics of quasi-Golay6.The results demonstrate that the MTF distribution of quasi-Golay6 is uniform at the spatial frequency space, its highest cutoff spatial frequency is the same as that of Golay6 with the same fill factor, and the ratio of practical effective diameters is 9.1% larger than that of Golay6. It is concluded that the sub-aperture arrangement of quasi-Golay6 is simpler than that of Golay6,and is a nonredundant configuration with sparse apertures.

In order to satisfy the requirements of large mirrors for the fabrication precision, the removal of zonal errors for a large aspheric is analyzed with the Multi-mode Combined Manufacture (MCM) technique in this study. The MCM technology discussed is based on the traditional fabrication theory, in which the multi-mode machining combined the multiple polishing of the laps is used to finish the optical component to control the low and middle frequency errors effectively of the optical surface. The principle of JP-01 polishing manipulator which is an important part of the MCM technology is presented, and the working mode of MCM is analyzed in detail. Finally,the MCM technology is used to deal with the zonal error of an aspheric with the aperture of 1 230 mm. The experimental results show that the MCM technology can control the low and middle frequency errors of the optical surface effectively,constrain the surface error and improve the polishing efficiency observably. At present, the precision of a large on-axis mirror with the aperture of 1-2 m has reached 30 nm(RMS). These results prove that the MCM can be one of the important technologies for the development of the large mirror manufacture.

A optimization method is put forward for a wavelength stabilizer with dual Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) used in 980 nm semiconductor lasers to meet the performance requirements of fiber amplifiers. The analytical expressions of transmittivity and reflectivity of dual FBG and the gain equations of the stabilizer are obtained by the coupled mode theory. The effects of the distance between the two gratings, the distance between laser front face and dual FBG, the period of refractivity, grating length,the refractivities and ambient temperatures of two gratings on the laser gain curves are analyzed.And these parameters then are optimized to achieve the best mode-stabilizing characteristics. The output spectral characteristics and powers of the uncooled semiconductor laser with dual FBG wavelength stabilizer are practically measured. Experimental results indicate that when the laser operates at 0～70 ℃, the wavelength shift is 0.5 nm, the Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is more than 45dB, and the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is less than 1 nm. The optimized wavelength stabilizer with FBGs can satisfy the requirements of fiber amplifiers for uncooled semiconductor lasers, and can achieve high powers, long life, high reliability, small sizes, and low costs.

The working principle of the Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM) boarded on FY-3A meteorological satellite for monitoring solar irradiance was introduced and its system construction and working modes were described. The SIM was composed of three solar irradiance absolute radiometers (SIAR). The three SIARs were arranged with a certain angle to form three measuring channels to survey the solar irradiance simultaneously or independently and to compare, prove and correct the data obtained. Three kinds of working modes of the SIM were described, and then the tasks of SIM on-orbit was analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the software design and implementation of SIM were introduced and remote sensing data obtained on orbit with different measurement modes were given. The SIM on FY-3A has been worked normally on orbit from June 2008, and experimental results demonstrate that the measurement modes are reasonable, parameters for control and running are validity, and the task of monitoring solar irradiance are supported by the software functions designed. Moreover, the solar irradiance measured by the SIM is well coincident with that simultaneously measured by SORCE/TIM in 0.2%.

In order to improve the transmission performance of the all-fiber three-channel interleaver, a novel asymmetrical structure of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer(A-MZI) with three fiber arms is proposed. The A-MZI consists of a fused planar 3×3 coupler, a fused triangular 3×3 single mode fiber coupler and three fiber arms in series,in which the planar 3×3 coupler is used as an input coupler, and the triangular 3×3 coupler as an output coupler. The output expression is derived and the numerical simulation is performed.The simulation indicates that the crosstalk characteristics and the coupling-coefficient-angle tolerance can be improved greatly, and the sidelobe level of channel of the proposed device has been reduced more than 13.6 dB as compared with that of the conventional all-fiber three-channel interleaver. A interleaver is fabricated with the fused biconical taper technics in an experiment. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical ones. The result shows that the measured sidelobe level and the insertion loss are less than -34.6 dB and 1.0 dB,respectively, and the channel isolation is higher than 30 dB.

Off-axis Three-Mirror-Anastigmat(TMA)optical system is a most advanced optical system used in space cameras for earth observation presently. In this paper,the imaging mechanism of a off-axis TMA wide viewing field space camera is analyzed, and two kinds of calibration projects, sectional viewing field radiometric calibration and entire viewing field radiometric calibration using an especial hatch integrating sphere,are proposed according to the path and construction features of the off-axis TMA optical system.Then, Both the projects are used in the laboratory radiometric calibration for the different phase specimens of the off-axis TMA space camera. The calibration result indicates that both of the projects are feasible and can fully satisfy the requirements of laboratory radiometric calibration. The service conditions of the two projects are obtained by analyzing the relative merits of the projects. It is concluded that the calibration accuracies of two projects are 1.68% and 1.89%,respectively.

The measuring principle of absolute reflectance factors was discussed, and a specific radiometer to measure both the incident irradiance and reflected radiance and a reflectometer to measure the absolute reflectance factor were designed. On the basis of the measurements of the incident irradiance and the reflected radiance, the formula for calculating the absolute reflectance of a diffuse panel was deduced, then in consideration of the measuring accuracy depended on the aperture area, a new method was proposed to measure the aperture area to achieve an exact solid angle. Finally, the design of reflectometer and the fabrication of related devices were introduced. The reflectometer was used to measure the absolute reflectance factors of a standard diffuse panel at visible and near-infrared wavelengths(633-960 nm) and results show that the uncertainty obtained by this system is 0.19％. These results demonstrate that the measuring method is simple, and can satisfy the requirements of reflecting factor measurement for the accuracy.

To reduce the threshold and to improve the contrast of the conventional Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal(HPDLC) grating, a new type electrically tunable grating based on a Twist Nematic (TN) cell was designed. Firstly, the substrates of conventional HPDLC grating were processed to get an uniform alignment of liquid crystal in the grating, which makes the liquid crystal field depend strongly on the polarization of incident light. Then, a TN polarization modulator was placed in front of the grating to adjust the incident light polarization to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal field. Consequently, by matching the refractive index of polymer with the alignment of liquid crystal, the electrical-optical properties of the grating could be controlled. The experimental results indicate that the threshold voltage of the new HPDLC grating is as low as 0.75-0.8 V and the contrast ratio reaches 245∶1, which is 6-7 times of that of the conventional HPDLC grating. The HPDLC grating can work in a stable state for a long time.

By use of aspheric optical elements,a portable Fundus Fluorescein Angiography(FFA) camera is designed based on Gullstrand-Le Grand eye model. According to the principle of selecting filter, a B-2A filter combination from Nikon is used as the filter system to filter spectrum in this design, and the coaxial illumination system combined with an annular stop is designed to remove the stray light caused by a cornea to light the eyeground uniformly.An eye model is used in the design of photographic system to correct comprehensive aberrations from both the optical systems of human eye and the camera and to realize a high definition image with 2 mega pixels in all fields of view.The photographic system of the camera includes two aspheric surfaces, and it reduces the system from 9 lenses to 7 lenses. The result shows that this camera has strong ability for accommodation and adapts to different eyes from -12 m-1 to +12 m-1. The field of view of this camera is 30°, the resolution at the image surface is 120 lp/mm, and the distortion value is less than 3.9%. Because of the application of aspheric elements, the structure, volume and weight of the camera are optimized, and the image quality is improved.

The segmented telescope can realize the diffraction-limited imaging when segmented-mirrors are in co-phase. Therefore, an active optical experiment system was built to measure and adjust the phase difference between the two segmented mirrors. The segmented telescope is consists of three hexagonal segments with the side lengths of 300 mm and the radius of curvature of 2 000 mm. Firstly, a Shack-Hartmann sensor and high accuracy micro-positioning stages were used to make the segments co-focused in a high accuracy. Then, a spherometer was used to piston the phase difference between the two segments to a few micrometer level and the principle of white light Fizeau interferometry was utilized to adjust the phase difference. Finally, the sub-aperture diffraction method was taken to measure the phase difference and to piston the mirror to reduce the phase difference to near zero. To verify the calibration effects, an imaging experiment was carried out for an optical bundle, the experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of white light Fizeau interferometry is better than 100 nm, and that of sub-aperture diffraction method is better than 16 nm, which demonstrates that the methods introduced are suitable for the co-phase calibration of segmented telescopes.

As corona discharge emits the light of Solar Blind Ultraviolet (SBUV) from 240 to 280 nm, the corona sparks can avoid the interference of sunlight when an object is detected in the SBUV region. To detect the position and intensity of the corona spark precisely, a solar blind ultraviolet and visible camera based on the beam-split scheme developed by ourselves was introduced. Then,a high resolution catadioptric SBUV telescope with a large entrance pupil of 68 mm and a focus length of 180 mm was designed, and the circuit boards for image processing were given based on the DSP chip TMS320DM642.The DSP/BIOS and RF5 were used to schedule the acquisition, display, compression and store,and the weighted average algorithm was applied to image fusion. An experiment outdoor was carried out to take photos for the spot UV source of a mercury lamp and the background far from 90 m in a sunny hot summer day. As a result, the UV, visible, and fusion pictures are obtained clearly. Furthermore, some suggestions were put forward to improve the performance of the camera.

The factors effecting on the diffraction efficiencies of blazed gratings were researched and the parameters fabricating the blazed gratings were determined by holographic ion beam etching. On the basis of above, two kinds of blazed gratings with a line density of 1200 lp/mm and blazed wavelength of 250 nm and 330 nm were fabricated, respectively, and then their blazed angles were measured by a Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) and the diffraction efficiencies were measured by a plane grating diffraction efficiency instrument. Obtained results show that the 250 nm blazed grating with a size of 85 mm×85 mm has a blazed angle of 8.54°and a right angle of 72° and its diffraction efficiency is about 81% at 250 nm. Moreover, the 330 nm blazed grating with a size of 60 mm×60 mm has a blazed angle of 11.68°and a right angle of 74° and its diffraction efficiency is about 80% at 330 nm. These data demonstrate that experimental results are well in agreement with that calculated ones and illustrate that blazed angles can be controlled in grating fabrication process. By using the proposed method, the ultraviolet blazed gratings with diffraction efficiency more than 75% can be fabricated on a large size substrate.

In order to make the measuring device quickly work and to reduce the measuring error from inclination, a scheme of real-time compensative leveling in the photoelectric measuring equipment was presented. On the basis of the optical theory, the relationships among the subject hight,subject distance,image hight and the image distance were deduced.Then, a mathematical model for real-time compensative leveling the object or the optics system was established using the incline characteristic. Based on the the mathematical model and the angles tested by an inclinometer, a real-time compensation scheme was carried out to level and compensate the inclining angle in a certain range.The scheme was verified by experiments,and the result shows that after real-time compensation the measurement precision is from -0.176 15％ to -0.077 87％ when the obliquities of measuring equipment is at α in optimized 0.26° and β in 1.197°.It is concluded that the scheme can keep the measurement precision of the measuring equipment when it works at an incline.

To achieve a high-quality quartz glass substrate and to improve the performance of photomask equipment, a Chemical Mechanical Grinding (CMG) method for the quartz glass is developed. By actively enhancing the chemical reactions of the workpiece and the abrasive grain, bond and the grinding fluid and dynamically balancing the chemical reaction and mechanical remove,the process method can avoid the sub-surface damage caused by eliminating the brittle material to achieve high surface quality and high shape precision processing of a large-diameter glass workpiece. For the processing characteristics of CMG for the quartz glass, this paper develops the CMG-specific wheel and grinding fluid. Then it uses orthogonal experiment method to optimize the CMG process parameters for the quartz glass, and analyzes the effects of the grinding pressure, wheel speed, grinding fluid traffic, pH value and other factors on the surface roughness and processing efficiency in CMG processing.On the basis of the optimized processing parameters, it obtains the surface roughness of quartz glass in 0.795 nm. Obtained results show that the finished substrates have the same optical performance with the substrates processed by Chemical Mechanical Polishing(CMP), and the performance can meet the needs of photomask equipment.

A simple, practical, and effective method for measuring the rotation-angle-accuracy of the wavelength scanning mechanism in a Variable Included Angle Plane Grating Monochromator (VAPGM) was proposed in an ultra-high vacuum environment. The method was achieved by using a special angle mirror and a high-precision photoelectric autocollimator. Firstly, the relationship between angle and wavelength was described on the basis of the principle of VAPGM wavelength scanning. Then, the dependence of rotation-angle-accuracy on system resolution was analyzed. Finally, the principle, devices and steps of the method were introducted in detail.By using this method,the rotation-angle-accuracies of the Plane Mirror (PM) and the Plane Grating (PG) were measured, and the results show that they are 0.19″and 0.22″,respectively, which fulfills the technical requirements of VAPGM. The resolution power of this monochromator was tested by an ionization chamber after measuring the rotation-angle-accuracy, and the result is superior to 10000. The experimental result further verifies that the method is effective.

The flow characteristics of the fluid in microchannels formed by different hydrophobic and hydrophilic walls on the polymeric microfluidic chips were researched in this study.To achieve the spontaneous capillary of the liquid in a microchannel, the aspect ratio condition of the microchannels for the smoothing capillary was proposed on the basis of the free energy minimization approach. The experiments of the capillary transportation in the microchannels with three Polydimelhysiloxane(PDMS) walls and one glass wall were performed to confirm the aspect ratio condition. According to proposed theory, the critical aspect ratio of the microchannels with the depths 165 μm, 200 μm and 265 μm is 0.5000. In our experiment, the critical aspect ratios are 0.4714，0.4878 and 0.4818 respectively.Obtain data show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoritical one,which verifies the aspect ratio obtained by our experiments.

In order to evaluate the precision and stability of ozone profiles from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS) on FY-3A satellite, the retrieval experiments were carried out by using SBUS measurements and the ozone profiles from SBUS and those from SBUV/2 on NOAA satellites were compared. Firstly, on the basis of FY-3 ozone profile retrieval algorithm FY~~V1.0, the ozone profile retrievals were undertaken by using the SBUS measurements during 17 July to 30 August 2008 as input data. Then, three kinds of methods were proposed to compare the retrieval data of SBUS with those of SBUV/2. These methods are the direct comparison of SBUS ozone profiles with those matching profiles of SBUV/2, comparison of SBUS mean ozone profiles with those of SBUV/2 in tropics and the comparison of residuals of retrieved and apriori ozone profiles of SBUS and SBUV/2. Finally, the comparison and evaluation results were analyzed. Comparison results indicate that the relative bias percentage of SBUS ozone profiles relative to those of SBUV/2 at matching pixels are within ±10% at most layers，but reaches ±15% at fewer layers; the differences of SBUS mean ozone profile with that of SBUV/2 in tropics are smaller than ±0.3 DU at most layers. The biggest difference is 5.4 DU and the smallest is 0;the comparison of the residuals of retrieved and apriori ozone profiles shows notable difference between SBUS and SBUV/2 in the height of residual occured and the negatives and positives of the residuals.It is concluded that the precisions of SBUS ozone profiles are pretty good at most layers without doing any correction. But, there exists some remarkable differences between SBUS ozone profiles and those of SBUV/2. To improve the precisions of SBUS ozone profiles, it is necessary to put efforts on measurement correction based on inter-calibration with SBUV/2.

To improve the machining speed and precision of mechanical parts with complex shapes by Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining, a B spline interpolation method for 5-axis CNC machine tools is proposed. By taking the Open and Modular Architecture Controller (OMAC) as a reference, a motion controller with B-spline interpolation function is developed.The controller divides the controlling tasks in accordance with real-time request, executes the man-machine interactive, code analysis and parameter mapping in an offline environment and runs the interpolation operation, discrete logic control and inverse kinematic transformation in a real-time thread.Therefore,the real-time performance of the controller is well realized by methods above. To simplify the procedure of NC program, the machining information received by the controller are vectors in a part coordinate system.Furthermore, the controller can offer a good generality by developing Inverse Kinematic Transformation Module (IKTM) units suitable for various 5-axis machine tools and designing the parameters of machine tools as the customizable parameters.The mapping relation between the orientation and the position parameters in the NC program is established by the controller. As a result, the motions of linear axes and motion of rotary axis meet the machining requirement well and good machining accuracy is obtained. In a machining process, when the NC program capacity for B spline interpolation is 15% that of the NC program capacity for linear interpolation, its interpolation error is 0.45% that of the linear one. The interpolation accuracy of the controller is 0.68.These results show that the developed B spline interpolation controller can well meet demands of NC machining and has a good controlling performance.

An assembling bolt machine for fracture splitting(FS) connecting rods was developed,for the traditional fixing procedure for bolts could not be suitable for the FS of connecting rods. The basic structure of the assembling bolt machine and bolt assembling process were briefly introduced. Then,a virtual prototyping model for the machine was constructed based on the computer virtual technology to dynamically simulate assembling bolt processes. Torque and angle experiments were also carried out,the parameter 20N·m+95° was chosen as the assembling techniques for the FS connecting rod of a particular car. Obtained results show that the assembling techniques can satisfy its assembling requirement. Finally,the quality defects during the fixing bolts were discussed,and the solvents towards these defects were given. Dynamic simulation results indicate that the blots can be accurately transferred into bolt holes and assmbled on connecting rods. Torque and angle experiments show that the distortion of bolts during the assembling process can judge whether the axis force of bolts can satisfy the requirements and can determine the assembling techniques of control torque for connecting rods. This paper provides a reliable basis for the design of the assembling bolt machines and the research of the FS connecting rod techniques.

The orientation errors of an alt-alt photoelectric telescope are analyzed to determine the effects of the main errors of telescope on measuring accuracy and to improve the pointing precision.By analyzing optical, mechanical and electrical errors from a measured target to the telescope picture, the measuring equations of alt-alt telescope are established. Then,by using Monte Carlo method, the orientation errors are forecasted and the sensitivity of errors to pointings is analyzed.Furthermore,an error correction model is built based on the high sensitivity errors. The result of correction test indicates that the standard error of the longitude axis rotation angle has reduced by 95% from 66.4″ to 3.3″, and that of the latitude axis rotation angle has reduced by 89% from 49.4″to 5.6″. These results show that the model and the method not only can analyze and synthesize the main errors, but also can provide a reference for the whole design.

Injection molded micro-fluidic chips are characterized by that their micro grooves show perfect imaging quality in height but not satisfactory in width, meanwhile the chip cannot remain the uniform quality for the width of micro groove everywhere. Therefore,this paper proposes an image processing system based on Matlab to process the micro flat photo of the micro groove of an injection molded micro-fluidic chip and to complete the non-destructive testing for the micro groove. In image processing,the artificial interference is introduced to eliminate the image noise effectively and the profile point extracted form the photo are used to fit the profile lines of the groove.Then, the opening width and bottom width of the micro groove are measured. Measured data of microchannel widths from the micro flat photos are compared with those data obtained from cross-sectional photos of microchannel slices. Results indicate that the differences between the two measuring ways are less than 4% for the opening width and less than 3% for the bottom width, respectively. Obtained data demonstrate that the proposed non-destructive method based optical telescope can meet the requirements of micro-fluidic chips for measurement of molded quality in injection molding.

In order to meet the requirements of velocity control systems of large telescopes for the fast response,small overshoot,high steady-state accuracy and smooth running, a Variable Structure PID(VSPID) controller was proposed based on analyzing of classical PID control algorithm. By constructing the functions of control errors, such as proportional gain, integral gain, integral variable gain and differential gain, the VSPID was able to modify its structure and parameters according to the instantaneous error. Based on the transfer function model of certain large telescope,the function of VSPID was verified and the performance of classical PID was compared with that of the VSPID by simulation.A velocity control experiment was performed on this telescope,which shows that the telescope can reach the desired velocity with maximum acceleration and without overshoot. The steady-state error is less than 0.016 7 (°)/s at 20 (°)/s, and the maximum steady-state error is 0.7 (″)/s at 10 (″)/s. Simulation and experimental results prove that the velocity control system based on VSPID can meet the requirements of large telescopes.

Melt temperature distribution models for melting and plasticizing process of polymer materials were presented in vibration field induced extrusion, and the influences of process parameters such as die temperature, vibration amplitude and frequency on the melt temperature were investigated. Two kinds of ridge regression models based on the nonlinear transforms of polynomial and Gaussian RBF (PT-RR and GRBF-RR) were established to predict the melt temperature distribution with the nonlinear, non-isothermal properties and strong-coupling extrusion. The two models have fulfilled the nonlinear mapping and reconstruction of high-dimension feature space from multi-variable input samples, and obtained the coupling relations among multi-factor influences by the numerical simulation based on GRBF-RR. The simulation and experimental results show that the two models are valid and the correlation coefficients between the predicted values and that measured values are 0.994 0 and 1 for PT-RR and GRBF-RR, respectively. As the GRBF-RR can offer higher model precision, it was used to illuminate the influences of process parameters on the melt temperature distribution. Obtained results demonstrate that the model can provide a decision support for the quality control and process parameter optimization.

A digital control current supply is designed for driving semiconductor lasers by taking the TMS320F28335 as a control center,which consists of a guiding light module,a phonetic module,a liquid-crystal display(LCD) module and a keyboard module. The phonetic module and light module are responsible for prompting the working condition of the system,the LCD is used to show the actual current and setting current,and the keyboard module is taken to control the start-up, turn-off, current setting and current adjustment. In circuit design，the deep feedback theory is researched to greatly enhance the stability and two MOSFET are designed to neutralize their own leakage current, decrease the current deviation(less than 0.5%) and optimize the linear dependence between voltage and current. In software design, the PID algorithm is employed to shorten the time to establish dynamic equilibrium for the system. The system can provide complete protective measures, such as surge-prevent, power on/off-prevent, time delay soft start, over current protection for ensuring the LD to work stably and reliably. During the driving test, the LD can work in a steady state without center wavelength drifting and driving current fluctuation.

With the particular research on infrared and visible images, a fast color image fusion algorithm based on color transfer technique is presented. The method directly uses the grayscale fused image and the difference signals of input multiband images to construct the source YCBCR components, then uses the statistical color transfer technique in YCBCR space to form a color fused image whose color appearance is similar to that of the target image. Two different strategies which employ the pixel averaging fusion scheme and the multiresolution fusion scheme as the grayscale image fusion solution are proposed to fulfill high real-time need and high fusion quality need, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed color image fusion algorithm can effectively produce a natural appearing daytime-like color fused image, and can also yield a satisfactory result even using the pixel averaging fusion scheme to implement the grayscale fusion.

In order to measure the three-dimensional shape of a large scale object in a long distance,a three-dimensional shape measurement system based on dual oscillating mirror scanning was designed and implemented. Firstly, the principle and the configuration of the system were presented and the system model was derived. Secondly, the field calibration of the structure parameters of the system was accomplished based on the coordinate transformation by taking pictures of a special planar board from different directions. Finally, the plane board, sphere and curved plaster figures were measured and reconstructed by using Lissajous scanning pattern. The measurement results show that the average errors of the distance between the measuring points and the fitted plane are 0.70 mm and 17.85 mm at the distance of 1 m and 10 m, and the average error of the fitted sphere diameter is 0.51 mm at the distance of 1 m. The system can be used for the three-dimensional shape measurement for large scale objects in the long distance.

In order to improve the detection speed for lines in digital images, an improved detection method was proposed by combining the time-frequency domain transform and the spatial domain transform. Firstly, the wavelet lifting was used to extract the low frequency profile information and to restrain high frequency noises. Then, the gradient of a image was computed to obtain a binary image. On the basis of the principles that a line can be determined by two points and a line in the image is mapped to a point in the Hough Transform, the non-zero pixels were mapped into the accumulator cells with great probability instead of all accumulator cells following the detection sequence from the local to the global. Finally, the accumulator cells were counted to determine the parameters of lines in the image. It costs 213 ms to detect lines in the image with pixels of 128×128 by using the method proposed in this paper,which increases the detection speed for lines in images effectively.

In order to analyze engineering surfaces fast and accurately, a new filtering approach based on Butterworth wavelet is proposed. Firstly, the transmission characteristic of a low-pass filter based on a wavelet is discussed,then it is taken as a primary reference to choose an appropriate wavelet base for surface analysis. The construction principle of the Butterworth wavelet filter is briefly introduced, and a fast algorithm for implementing this filter is illuminated. By combining the eminent transmission characteristic and efficient algorithm, the Butterworth wavelet is selected as the analyzing filter to decompose the surface profile with arbitrary orders. Finally,the Butterworth wavelet is also applied to calculating the reference line for profile evaluation and to offering a method to determine decomposed orders. The experimental results indicate that the Butterworth wavelet can achieve the multi-scale analysis of surface profile quickly and accurately and can extract its mean line reliably. The total calculation of this extraction for 11 200 data points only costs 60 ms by general PC and the relative error of Ra obtained by this extracted mean line is only 0.12% larger than the result by Gaussian filter.

In order to construct a reference model of human-machine identification texture direction,a metric algorithm for global texture direction is proposed.Firstly,a Gabor filter is designed to reduce the component less important direction and enhance that of global direction for description texture.Then, the histogram of local edge probability is constructed to describe the distribution of global texture and to give a quantitative value of measurement. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to comparing the accuracy of two experimental data sets from Tamura Texture Model and Brodatz texture database. Results indicate that the accuracy of the algorithm is well consistent with that of human visual perception measurement,and it is higher 10% than that of other algorithms.The algorithm can satisfy the requirements of a better reference model of human-machine identification texture direction for the higher precision.

Hand contours are hard to be extracted correctly when hand images are illuminated by a unsymmetrical light.Therefore,this paper proposes a contour tracking algorithm based on the directional maximal gradient value according to the characteristic that values of edge pixels turn sharply in the vertical direction of an edge. The algorithm firstly finds the starting point of hand contour, then depending on some searching rules, it calculates the gradient values of candidate points in a local region, chooses the point whose gradient value is maximal in the candidate set of local region and tracks it point by point to get the final contour. Tracking experiments are carried out on both the hand image database formed by ourselves and the HandImage database from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST) .Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of contour tracking is 100% in ourselves’ database,and 85.8% in the database from HKUST.Moreover,the accuracy of contour tracking in the images eligible to our refined condition from HKUST database is 99.4%. These data show that the algorithm can directly track out the accurate, consecutive and integral hand contour in gray-level picture and it is suitable especially for the contour extraction of hand images affected by the unsymmetrical illumination.

By taking a high performance fixed-point DSP DM642 as a kernel processor, and a S3C2410 as a assistant control processor,an IR dual-band real-time image fusion system worked at Mid-wave Infrared (MWIR) and Long-wave Infrared (LWIR) is designed by using the high speed operation of DM642 and its configurable video ports combined with the powerful control capability of the S3C2410. An image fusion algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied to the IR dual-band image fusion. Then,the algorithm is optimized to run on a DSP+ARM embedded hardware platform based on the features of real-time embedded system. The experiments demonstrate that it is only 39.6 ms to be needed to complete the real-time fusion of two IR images with the resolution of 320 pixel×240 pixel, which meets the engineering requirements of 25 frame/s.It also demonstrates that obtained images can show the characteristics of MWIR and LWIR, respectively.