A comprehensive review of the current state of surface corrosion detection technologies for aviation equipment is provided in this paper. It begins by analyzing the applications, advantages, and limitations of conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, including ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, X-ray imaging, and infrared thermography. Subsequently, the principles and recent advancements in machine vision-based corrosion detection technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future trends and potential directions for the development of corrosion detection in the aviation industry are discussed.