In order to compare and analyze the enhancement effect of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by two substrates of TiO2-AgNPs thin film and silver sol nanoparticles solution on the samples of traditional Chinese medicine solution, aconite solution was selected as the experimental sample and surface enhancement Raman spectra of two substrates were obtained after Raman scattering experiment. The analytical comparison was made. The results show that, Raman scattering spectra of aconite solution are enhanced by two SERS substrates of TiO2-AgNPs film and silver sol nanoparticle solution. The enhancement effect 1398cm-1 of TiO2-AgNPs thin film is more sensitive than that of silver sol nanoparticles. For example, relative peak-to-intensity ratio at Raman shift of TiO2-AgNPs thin film is 27.85% and that of silver sol nanoparticle solution is 11.97%. However, TiO2-AgNPs thin film has disadvantages of easy oxidation, short usage time, difficult preparation and low repeatability. Therefore, it is more suitable for the accurate identification of sample components. Silver sol nanoparticle solution has advantages of simpler preparation, longer use time, good stability and repeatability. It is suitable for the determination and comparison of a large number of samples. The results can be used as the reference for the selection of substrate for analysis of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine by SERS technology at home and abroad.