Multifunctional and highly integrated all-fiber devices has promoted the development of lab-on-fiber technology. The rapid progress in the manufacturing technology has opened up a new avenue for the multifunctional plug-and-play fiber-optic platform. Researchers are committed to exploring and optimizing the onboard laboratory preparation technology to show the potential of onboard laboratory components in many application scenarios. First， we review the classification of fiber-on-lab technology and describe the preparation process of nanostructure at the fiber end facet， including physical and chemical processing methods. Then， we discuss the research progress of lab-on-fiber preparation technology based on the metasurface on the fiber end facet and the difficulties in the process of technology development. Finally， we clarify the strategy of constructing multi-functional， highly integrated， and multi-application scenarios of fiber sensing devices. The remarkable achievements of lab-on-fiber technology clearly show that multifunctional， highly integrated all-fiber devices can play a vital role in many scenarios related to physical and biochemical parameter monitoring， particle capture， and light field regulation.