The factors influencing furnace lining erosion are analyzed, and the application of conventional furnace lining maintenance techniques is introduced. To address the urgent need for efficient converter lining maintenance under high production rates, a process experiment was conducted on the maintenance of converter lining using water-based repair material in a converter workshop of a steel plant. Experimental data demonstrate that, compared with conventional repair materials, water-based repair materials significantly increase average lining service life by 126%, while their excellent rapid-sintering properties reduce the repair time by 60%. Simultaneously, the auxiliary operation efficiency for taphole replacement improves by 33.3%. Additionally, calculations indicate that the consumption of repair material per ton of steel is reduced by 31.7% when using water-based repair materials compared to conventional materials. The above results demonstrate that water-based repair material can effectively meet the lining maintenance requirements under high-intensity production conditions.