Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology, as a representative of additive manufacturing technology, has a wide range of applications in the field of civil aircraft, but the overall application maturity is not high. In this paper, the influence of different key factors on additive manufacturing performance is analyzed based on the key factors of SLM technology itself. At the same time, according to the requirements of airworthiness, the challenges of selective laser melting technology in the field of civil aircraft are analyzed, and the development direction of the popularization and application of this technology is provided.