In order to solve the problems of late time and high work intensity in the detection of eggs without sperm, a VGG16 network model was improved and a graphical user interface was developed for hatching 2.5 d eggs. The image of hatching 2.5 d eggs was collected by a self-made static image acquisition device. The improved model achieved 98.82% discrimination accuracy and 97.23% recall rate on the enhanced test set, and the detection time of single image was 97.56 ms. Compared with the original network, the recognition accuracy was improved by 5.56 percentage points, and the recognition time of single image was saved by 14.78 ms. The results show that the improved model can effectively realize the nondestructive identification of egg fertilization information in the early stage of incubation, which provides technical support for the subsequent development of online nondestructive testing devices.