To improve the spectral purity, brightness and stability of semiconductor lasers, multi-ring coupling structure of the semiconductor laser is investigated. Based on the structure of multi-ring coupling and output of the curved active waveguide, spectral purity brightness, and output stability of ring laser structure are greatly improved. The parallel far-field divergence angle of slow axis is up to 2.7° and output power of 10 mW is obtained. Spectral width reaches 0.26 nm at 821 nm, the Q factor is up to 2737. It is found that the multi-ring coupling structure laser device owns current modulation characteristics with its spectrum, whose modulation range is closed to 15 nm. Meanwhile, the operation current owns a certain modulation to spectral width, whose modulation capability is about 0.2 nm. The optimized multi-ring coupling structure laser output spectral width narrowed to 0.2 nm and a Q factor of 4040 is obtained.