At present, improving oleic acid content on the basis of double low quality is a hot spot for the improvement of fatty acid in rapeseed. Traditional quality testing and screening of breeding offspring materials have significant drawbacks such as long cycle, difficult operation, heavy workload and strong professionalism. In this paper, the research progress of the quality characteristics of rapeseed and the application of spectroscopy technology at home and abroad are reviewed. It is demonstrated that spectroscopy technology can be used to detect oleic acid and other fatty acids in vegetative organs of different growth stages of rape, which provides statistics support for rapid evaluation of high oleic rapeseed quality. And it also build a new technical apprroach for screening breeding materials, shortening the breeding cycle, improving detection efficiency, reducing testing costs, and simplifying operational procedures. This has great practical significance and guiding role.