Metal halide perovskite materials have demonstrated significant application potential in fields such as solar cells， light-emitting diodes， and photodetectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and tunable crystal structures. Structural distortion， as a crucial means of regulating the performance of perovskite materials， can significantly influence their electronic structure， carrier dynamics， and optoelectronic properties， providing an important pathway for designing novel functional materials. In recent years， research on the regulation of lattice distortion in perovskite single crystals has made remarkable progress. By altering substrate properties， introducing organic cations， modulating halide composition， or applying external stress， researchers can effectively adjust the lattice symmetry and electronic band structure of perovskite single crystals， thereby optimizing their optoelectronic performance. In particular， the regulatory effects of lattice distortion on carrier dynamics， exciton behavior， and defect state density offer new avenues for developing high-performance perovskite devices. This paper first elaborates on the characterization methods and mechanistic principles of structural distortions in perovskite materials， then thoroughly analyzes the key influencing factors that induce structural distortions under experimental conditions. Furthermore， it provides an in-depth discussion on the structure-property relationship between lattice distortions and optoelectronic performance， offering both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for structural distortion control and performance optimization of perovskite optoelectronic materials.