To study the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrapulsed fiber thulium laser and holmium laser in the treatment of ureteral stones. A total of 150 patients undergoing unilateral ureteral calculi surgery in our hospital from January to September 2023 were randomly divided into control group, T1 group and T2 group, and the general data of the three groups were recorded. The control group was treated with holmium laser, the T1 group was treated with ultra-pulsed fiber thulium laser with low-energy and high-frequency lithotripsy, and the T2 group was treated with ultra-pulsed fiber thulium laser with the same energy and frequency as the holmium laser group. The perioperative data of the three groups were recorded after surgery. There was no significant difference in the general information of the three groups. The mean operation time was 14.30 min±3.90 min in the control group and 11.10 min±4.10 min in the T1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), and the average displacement distance in the T1 group was 1.83 cm±0.45 cm, and the mean displacement distance in the control group was 2.58 cm±0.60 cm, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The 2-week clearance rate of ureteral stones in the three groups was 86% in the control group, 98% in the T1 group, and 92% in the T2 group, respectively, and the stone clearance rate in the control group was lower than that in the T1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.027, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in complication rates between the three groups after surgery. Ultrapulsed fiber thulium laser is safe and effective in ureteral lithotripsy, and the stone displacement and effectiveness are better than holmium laser lithotripsy when using low-energy and high-frequency mode lithotripsy.