In this study, SiCp/AlSi30 matrix composites were produced by ultrasonic vibration combined with laser metal deposition process. The effect of SiC mass fraction on the constitutional phases, microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites was investigated. When the mass fraction of SiC is less than 10%, the interaction between the liquid aluminum alloy and SiC particles is limited, and the ceramic particles maintain their original shapes. When the mass fraction of SiC reaches 15%, some SiC particles will react with molten Al alloy to form long needle-like Al4SiC4. The addition of SiC reinforcements promotes non-uniform nucleation of Si phase, resulting in a refinement of the primary Si size. Due to the combined effect of high hardness reinforcements and grain refinement, the elevated mechanical properties were obtained for 10% SiCp/AlSi30 composites. The microhardness showed 25.3% improvement upon unreinforced AlSi30. Furthermore, 10% SiCp/AlSi30 composites also reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) by 19% and the wear rate by 25% compared to the AlSi30 alloy fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted laser metal deposition.