The effects of laser shock processing (LSP) on the wear behaviors of AISI 8620 steel are investigated. The dry-sliding wear tests of untreated and treated samples by LSP are conducted on a uni-directional ball-on-disk sliding wear tester (CETR UMT-2). Wear track of AISI 8620 steel are observed by scanning electron microscope in order to investigate the wear resistant of AISI 8620 steel. Results show that LSP can induce the layer in compressive residual stress state, and the compressive residual stress will increase the resistance of fatigue wear, but it can reduce the resistance of oxidative wear and adhesion wear. As a result, LSP can double the wear resistance of AISI 8620 steel. Multiple LSP impacts can achieve better effect by comparing with a single LSP impact. The average friction coefficient decreases first and then increases with the loading force increasing during the dry sliding.