In order to simultaneously acquire multi-spectral spectral information and multi-test data synchronization processing, a synchronous acquisition and processing system based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)+digital signal processor(DSP) was designed. The non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithm was used to sample the spectral segments containing the target information, and the theoretical analysis and experimental verification for the non-uniform sampling of multi-spectral data were carried out. The experiments were respectively carried out simultaneously for three different laser wavelengths of 632nm, 880nm, and 980nm. The system was compared with the traditional spectral analysis algorithm. The test results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system at the peak position of three wavelengths is 31.6dBm, 36.3dBm, and 32.5dBm, respectively, while the signal-to-noise ratio of the traditional spectrometer is only 20.1dBm, 25.4dBm, and 23.7dBm. It can be seen that the hardware design of the system and the NUFFT algorithm can effectively enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the process of acquiring multi-spectral spectral information. At the same time, the processing speed of the system is also faster, and it has certain application value in multi-spectral fast processing.