In order to investigate the effect of multi-micro laser shock peening on surface morphology, experiments are adopted to analyze the surface profile of copper under different processing conditions. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, a reasonable characteristic method is presented, and influence rule of main processing parameters is also explored. The results show that surface roughness increases after laser shock peening, laser pulse energy and overlapping rate are the main influence factors on surface profile and bearing length ratio. With reasonable characterization of surface morphology, good guidance for further control of surface profile and optimal parameters of microscale laser shock peening are provided.