Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is widely used in the field of aerospace and new energy vehicles. Traditional machining methods are usually used to process CFRP, but the cost is high and the efficiency is low. Laser processing method has the advantages of high efficiency, green and high precision, but there is a large heat affected zone in laser processing CFRP. In order to explore the transfer rule of laser energy in CFRP and restrain the generation of heat affected zone, the experiments for CRFP of CO2 continuous laser spot and rectangular cutting were carried out. The spot experiment showed that the maximum power density of the laser was determined to be 198.84 W/mm2. The single rectangular cutting experiment showed that the energy was mainly transferred to the carbon fiber on the surface of the material and affected the thermal expansion and melting of the resin. When the scanning speed was 3 mm/s and the laser power density was 198.84 W/mm2, the concave convex fluctuation value (Fv) of the rectangular surface reached the maximum of approximately 25.83 μm, and the surface energy accumulation was most obvious. In addition, it was found that the increasing scanning speed or the decreasing laser power could effectively reduce the concave convex fluctuation value and suppress the expansion of the heat affected zone. The multiple rectangular cutting experiment showed that under the condition of different processing times, the phenomena of the laser energy transfer layer at surface level and between layers were existed. When the number of processing times was 15, the concave convex fluctuation value reached the maximum of approximately 41.75 μm. When the number of processing times was 20, the energy transfer between layers was better than that at surface level.