By analyzing the principle of polarization detection, a method that was applied to recognize camouflage targets with their polarization information was presented. A multi-spectral polarization system was designed and the processing software was programmed. Then the experiment about the iron plate and camouflage plates placed on typical woodland background were conducted by the system at 400～1 000 nm. The results of image processing and analysis indicate that the polarization characteristics of camouflage plates and background are different. By comparing with natural background, the polarization characteristics of camouflage plates are obvious. The result shows that the classical camouflage target can be detected and identified effectively by the spectral polarization technique. Consequently, compared with the traditional intensity detection, the spectral polarization detection technique is of significance to improve the veracity of detection of camouflage targets in mixed background.