Spaceborne coherent wind lidar is an effective method to obtain global three-dimensional wind field. The wind field vector inversion method of the coherent wind lidar under the spaceborne platform is theoretically analyzed, and the spaceborne coherent wind lidar simulation system is established based on the theoretical model of the atmospheric stratification time domain signal. The performance of the detection scheme is evaluated by simulation. After preliminary simulation verification, when the orbit height is 270km and the nadir angle is 35°, the wind profile inversion with a resolution of 11.15km along the orbit can be achieved; the horizontal wind speed error is 0.52m/s, and the horizontal wind direction error is 0.19°.