Acoustic emission(AE) used in non-destructive testing primarily involves analyzing elastic waves propagating within mechanical structures. The integrity of the structure can be assessed by using the information carried by the generated acoustic waves. To achieve precise localization of instrument damage, this paper proposes a method using an orthogonal fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network with a symmetrical triangular arrangement for acoustic emission localization. This approach effectively reduces errors caused by the angle between the FBG axis and the direction of sound wave propagation. Based on wavelet transform, the relative time difference between the arrival of different frequency components in the Lamb wave generated by the acoustic emission source is used to analyze the acoustic emission signal. An established ellipse algorithm is then employed to locate the acoustic emission source. Experimental results demonstrate an average localization error of 2.95 cm. This study also investigates the impact of the distance between the acoustic emission source and the sensor on the received signal. This research holds significant implications for the localization of damage and defects in instruments.