The vibration suppression system of the traditional cantilever beam has the disadvantages of complexity and low accuracy in establishing the dynamic equations. This paper proposes to use the multi-physics field coupling simulation software to build the cantilever beam system as the controlled object, and establish the controller model in Simulink by designing the proportional, integral and differential (PID) algorithm to carry out the co-simulation on the vibration control of the cantilever structures. Because of the unknown structure, the selection of PID parameters of traditional controllers is often determined by trial and error based on experience. A model for optimizing PID parameters by genetic algorithm is established to realize the online optimization of parameters to control the vibration of piezoelectric cantilever beam in real time. The effectiveness of the model is verified by the simulation and experiments. In addition, the simulation and experiment on the vibration suppression is carried out by changing the position of the piezoelectric actuator at different stress points of the cantilever beam. The results show that the algorithm model has good robustness, and the best PID tuning parameters can be obtained at different positions such that the best effect of vibration suppression can be achieved.