In the fiber laser communication system, in order to overcome the influence of quasi-error, random angular jitter error and atmospheric turbulence aberration on SMF( single-mode fiber) coupling efficiency, a single mode fiber optic nutation tracking coupling system is designed. Based on the principle of mode field matching, the influence of radial deviation and spot size on coupling efficiency is analyzed. Secondly, based on the theoretical analysis, the laser nutation tracking system is designed, including laser, collimating mirror, fast mirror, coupling lens and photodetector, and the laser nutrient is completed by the energy feedback of the photodetector. Tracking algorithm is designed. Finally, an experimental platform is built and the system is tested experimentally. Through experimental tests, the coupling efficiency of single mode fiber is 53.5% in laser nutation tracking, the influence of radial deviation and spot size on coupling efficiency is tested, and the corresponding curve is obtained. The coupling efficiency satisfies the system requirements, and the experimental test curve is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis.