Global vegetation dynamic monitoring has great significance in regional and global ecological environment protection. Optical vegetation indexes such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Enhanced Vegetation Index （EVI） have been used as important tools for vegetation monitoring for a long time. While， microwave-based vegetation index， which can detect the woody parts of vegetation and be sensitive to vegetation water content， can provide a possible complementary dataset for monitoring global vegetation. With NDVI and EVI as the reference， the changes of MPDI， MVI_B and EDVI in the microwave band in the past three years were analyzed， and the correlation coefficients between other vegetation indexes and NDVI were calculated. The results show that EDVI has a strong ability to monitor the dynamic changes of vegetation. Compared with NDVI， EDVI has a higher sensitivity to vegetation growth and water content changes， contributing to a wider dynamic range and more details. MVI_B is insensitive to seasonal changes for most vegetation types， and MPDI is suitable for monitoring medium- and low-biomass vegetation with distinct growth cycles.