The relationship between the microscopic topology and the optical performance of Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) surfaces was discussed to optimize SPDT machining parameters and to evaluate the optical characteristics of diamond turned surfaces. For surface microscopic topology generated by an ideal tool, the phenomena of multiple image reflection was analyzed by both threshold analysis and surface scattering theory analysis. With the threshold analysis, the scattering of single arc tool mark was calculated firstly, and then the modulation characteristics of periodic tool mark structure to the light was used to calculate the approximate thresholds of tool nose radius and feedrate (feeding distance per spindle rotation). In the situation of wavelength of incident light at 500 nm, the threshold feedrate is calculated to be 19 μm when the tool nose radius is 500 μm. With the roughness scattering theory analysis, the calculation could be more precise by using electric integral——Stratton-Chu Integral. Obtained results show that for a fine machined surface, when the light can not be seen in observing the turned surface with non-mirror direction, especially 1-order maximum direction, the surface can be recognized as a mirror effect.